Elección de Escuela, Movilidad y Segregación Escolar del Alumnado Vulnerable en Barcelona
Palabras clave:
Elección escolar, Segregación escolar, Movilidad, Barcelona, Desigualdad educativa
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Este artículo analiza la relación entre elección de escuela, movilidad y segregación escolar del alumnado socialmente desfavorecido en Barcelona. Las particularidades del modelo de zonificación escolar de la ciudad, basado en un complejo sistema de elección restringida pero que otorga un amplio número de opciones de proximidad, lo convierten en un caso único en el que observar la relaciones entre movilidad y desigualdades educativas. A partir de datos de residencia y escolarización del alumnado de educación infantil y primaria el trabajo nos muestra cómo la interacción entre segregación residencial y pautas de movilidad del alumnado es generadora de mayor segregación escolar del alumnado vulnerable, tanto de nivel socioeconómico bajo como de nacionalidad extranjera. Un análisis contrafactual que simula modelos de escolarización basados en mayor proximidad demuestra que la segregación escolar del alumnado vulnerable se reduciría hasta un 50% en escenarios de menor movilidad y mayor escolarización de proximidad. Asimismo, estos escenarios reducirían la desigualdad de escolarización entre escuelas públicas y concertadas. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre las implicaciones políticas del análisis.
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