School Choice, Mobility and School Segregation of Vulnerable Students in Barcelona
Keywords:
School choice, School segregation, Mobility, Barcelona, Education inequalities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abstract
This article analyzes the relationship between school choice, mobility and school segregation of socially disadvantaged students in Barcelona. The particularities of the city's zoning system and catchment areas, based on a complex model of restricted choice with a wide number of proximity options, make it a unique case to observe the relationship between mobility and educational inequalities. By using data on students’ residence and schooling of children in pre-school and primary education, the article shows how the interaction between residential segregation and patterns of student mobility generates greater school segregation of both students from low socioeconomic status and foreign students. A counterfactual analysis that simulates schooling models based on greater proximity shows that the school segregation of vulnerable students would be reduced by up to 50% in scenarios of less mobility and greater proximity schooling. Likewise, these scenarios would reduce the inequality of schooling between public and private schools. The article concludes with some reflections on the political implications of the analysis.
Downloads
References
Alegre, M. A. y Ferrer, G. (2010). School regimes and education equity: Some insights based on PISA 2006. British Educational Research Journal, 36(3), 433-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411920902989193
Allen, R. (2007). Allocating pupils to their nearest secondary school: The consequences for social and ability stratification. Urban Studies, 44(4), 751-770. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980601184737
Archbald, D. A. (2003). School choice, magnet schools, and the liberation model: An empirical study. Sociology of Education, 77, 283-310. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070407700402
Ball, S. J. (1998). Big policies/small world: An introduction to international perspectives in education policy. Comparative Education, 34(2), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050069828225
Ben-Porath, S. R. (2009). School choice as a bounded ideal. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 43, 527-544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2009.00726.x
Bifulco, R., Ladd, H. F. y Ross, S. L. (2009). Public school choice and integration evidence from Durham, North Carolina. Social Science Research, 38(1), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2008.10.001
Bonal, X. y Verger, A. (2013). L’agenda de la política educativa a Catalunya: Una anàlisi de les opcions de govern (2011-2013). Fundació Jaume Bofill.
Bonal, X. y Zancajo, A. (2018a). Demand rationalities in contexts of poverty: Do the poor respond to market incentives in the same way? International Journal of Educational Development, 59, 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.001
Bonal, X. y Zancajo, A. (2018b). School segregation in the Spanish quasi-market. En X. Bonal y C. Bellei (Eds.), Understanding school segregation: Patterns, causes and consequences of spatial inequalities in education (pp. 201-220). Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350033542.ch-010
Bonal X. y Zancajo, A. (2019). Equivalència territorial en la planificació educativa a Barcelona. Consorci d’Educació de Barcelona.
Boterman, W. R. (2013). Dealing with diversity: Middle-class family households and the issue of “black” and “white” schools in Amsterdam. Urban Studies, 50(6), 1130-1147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012461673
Boterman, W., Musterd, S., Pacchi, C. y Ranci, C. (2019). School segregation in contemporary cities: Socio-spatial dynamics, institutional context and urban outcomes. Urban Studies, 56(15), 3055-3073. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019868377
Brandén, M. y Bygren, M. (2018). School choice and school segregation: Lessons from Sweden’s school voucher system. The Institute for Analytical Sociology.
Burgess, S., McConnell, B., Propper, C. y Wilson, D. (2007). The impact of school choice on sorting by ability and socioeconomic factors in English secondary education. En L. Woessmann y P. Peterson (Eds.), Schools and the equal opportunity problem (pp. 273-292). MIT Press.
Butler, T. y Robson, G. (2003). Plotting the middle classes: Gentrification and circuits of education in London. Housing Studies, 18(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267303032000076812
Chubb, J. E. y Moe, T. (1990). Politics, markets & America’s schools. The Brookings Institution.
Cobb, C. D. y Glass, G. V. (2003). Arizona charter schools: Resegregating public education? AERA.
Dupriez, V., Barbana S. y Verhoven, M. (2018). Structural and systemic dimensions of school segregation in French-speaking Belgium. En X. Bonal y C. Bellei (Eds.), Understanding school segregation: Patterns, causes and consequences of spatial inequalities in education (pp. 45-64). Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350033542.ch-003
Elacqua, G. (2012). The impact of school choice and public policy on segregation: Evidence from Chile. International Journal of Educational Development, 32(3), 444-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2011.08.003
Elacqua, G., Montt, P. y Santos, H. (2013). Evidencias para eliminar gradualmente el financiamiento compartido. Instituto de Políticas Públicas.
Felouzis, G., Maroy, C. y van Zanten, A. (2013). Les marchés scolaires: Sociologie d'une politique publique d'éducation. Presses Universitaires de France. https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.felou.2013.01
Frankenberg, E., Siegel-Hawley, G. y Wang, J. (2011). Choice without equity: Charter school segregation. Educational Policy Analysis Archives, 19(1), 1-96. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v19n1.2011
Garcia, D. R. (2008). The impact of school choice on racial segregation in charter schools. Educational Policy, 22(6), 805-829. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904807310043
Gewirtz, S., Ball, S. J. y Bowe, R. (1995). Markets, choice, and equity in education. Open University Press.
Gorard, S. y Siddiqui, N. (2016). Grammar schools in England: A new approach to analyzing their intakes and outcomes. Durham University Press.
Hoxby, C. M. (1998). What do america's 'traditional' forms of school choice teach us about school choice reforms? Economic Policy Review, 4(1), 47-59.
Hoxby, C. M. (2003). The economics of school choice. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226355344.001.0001
Hsieh, C. T. y Urquiola, M. (2006). The effects of generalized school choice on achievement and stratification: Evidence from Chile’s voucher program. Journal of Public Economics, 90(9), 1477-1503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.11.002
Kye, S. H. (2018). The persistence of white flight in middle-class suburbia. Social Science Research, 72, 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.02.005
Lindbom, A. (2010). School choice in Sweden: Effects on student performance, school costs, and segregation. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 54(6), 615-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2010.522849
Merrifield, J. (2001). The school choice wars. Rowman & Littlefield.
Musset, P. (2012). School choice and equity: Current policies in OECD countries and literature review. OECD Education Working Papers, 66, 1-51.
OECD. (2017). School choice and school vouchers: An OECD perspective. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2019). Balancing school choice and equity: An international perspective based on PISA. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/2592c974-en
Östh, J., Andersson, E. y Malmberg, B. (2013). School choice and increasing performance difference: A counterfactual approach. Urban Studies, 50(2), 407-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012452322
Riedel, A., Schneider, K., Schneider, C. y Weishaupt, H. (2010). School choice in German primary schools: How binding are school districts? Journal for Educational Research Online, 2(1), 94-120.
Santos, H. y Elacqua, G. (2016). Segregación socioeconómica escolar en Chile: Elección de la escuela por los padres y un análisis contrafactual teórico. CEPAL Review, 119, 133-148. https://doi.org/10.18356/bd46ae92-es
Saporito, S. y Sohoni, D. (2006). Coloring outside the lines: Racial segregation in public schools and their attendance boundaries. Sociology of Education, 79, 81-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070607900201
Síndic de Greuges. (2016). La segregació escolar a Catalunya (I): La gestió del procés d’admissió de l’alumnat. Síndic de Greuges de Catalunya.
Söderström, M. y Uusitalo, R. (2010). School choice and segregation: Evidence from an admission reform. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 112(1), 55-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2009.01594.x
Taylor, C. (2001). The geography of choice and diversity in the ’new’ secondary education market in England. Area, 33(4), 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4762.00043
van Zanten, A. (1996). Fabrication et effets de la ségrégation scolaire. En S. Paugam (Ed.), L'exclusion, l'état des savoirs (pp. 281-291). La Découverte.
Waslander, S., Pater, C. y van der Weide, M. (2010). Markets in education: An analytical review of empirical research on market mechanisms in education. OECD Education Working Paper Series, 52, 93-96.
West, A., Hind, A. y Pennell, H. (2004). School admissions and selection in comprehensive schools: Policy and practice. Oxford Review of Education, 30(3), 347-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498042000260485