La contribución de la Sociología Política Internacional al pensamiento crítico en Relaciones Internacionales
Palabras clave:
Sociología Política Internacional, Relaciones Internacionales, Teoría Crítica, práctica, proceso, reflexividadDerechos de autor 2022 João Pontes Nogueira, Jef Huysmans; Gonzalo Vitón García
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Por mucho tiempo considerada una disciplina preocupada con el problema del orden, las Relaciones Internacionales pasaron por un proceso de transformación que amplió su alcance hacia las esferas más diversas de la vida social y política del mundo contemporáneo. Una parte significativa del crédito de este proceso de renovación puede ser atribuida al giro crítico en los estudios internacionales. Al incorporar el dinamismo intelectual del posestructuralismo y del posmarxismo a los debates teóricos en el área, el pensamiento crítico internacional creó las condiciones para la actual diversificación y pluralización del área. El presente artículo discute cómo la Sociología Política Internacional (SPI) surge como efecto de este proceso de cuáles son sus contribuciones para el desarrollo de formas innovadoras de crítica de la política mundial contemporánea. Intentamos mostrar cómo, a través de métodos y epistemologías transdisciplinares, la SPI ofrece nuevas formas de articular procesos sociales y políticos en el espacio internacional, repensando y problematizando sus fronteras y límites. El artículo propone, en la primera sección, que la Sociología Política Internacional tiene sus linajes intelectuales en el giro crítico en Relaciones Internacionales, y se desarrolla profundizando el potencial de una perspectiva analítica del poder como descentralizado y fragmentado, así como de concepciones de agencia situada en campos sociales específicos. Lo que se intenta, es pensar lo internacional con base en una topología alternativa que explore transversalidades y evite el pensamiento en niveles y escalas. A continuación, discutimos algunos de los conceptos clave de la SPI, como transversalidad, campos sociales, ensamblajes, entre otros, para después mostrar cómo este campo piensa el problema del cambio, el lugar de las prácticas en la reflexión sobre la agencia, y la prioridad para el análisis de flujos e intersticios. Finalmente, el artículo reflexiona sobre el lugar de la Sociología Política Internacional en la disciplina de Relaciones Internacionales y sobre su contribución específica para el pensamiento crítico internacional.
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