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Núm. 36 (2024): La representación de los musulmanes como amenaza: una perspectiva europea
Miscelánea

Omán y su tradicional política exterior: los costes económicos de la neutralidad positiva

Ignacio Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Foto portada: Elisa Lozano Triviño, "Descalza sobre azulejos mudéjares". Septiembre de 2023.
Publicado junio 24, 2024

Palabras clave:

Omán, Neutralidad positiva, Arabia Saudí, Alineamiento regional, Región del Golfo, Política exterior
Cómo citar
Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita, I. (2024). Omán y su tradicional política exterior: los costes económicos de la neutralidad positiva. Revista De Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, (36), 218–240. https://doi.org/10.15366/reim2024.36.009

Resumen

A lo largo del reinado de Qaboos bin Said (1970-2000), el sultanato de Omán ha desarrollado una política exterior propia que, sin embargo, no ha dejado de tener en cuenta la necesidad de mantener un entendimiento regional con sus vecinos y las potencias internacionales, Estados Unidos en primer lugar. Su primo y sucesor, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said, ha intentado preservar la línea de neutralidad positiva en lo relativo a un buen número de cuestiones regionales como, por ejemplo, el acuerdo nuclear con Irán, la guerra en Yemen o el proceso de paz entre los países árabes e Israel. Aun así, creemos que las dificultades económicas del sultanato, derivadas del descenso de los precios de los hidrocarburos, ya se han dejado sentir en su política exterior, a pesar de los esfuerzos desplegados por sus dirigentes para conservar las líneas básicas de acción de su diplomacia tradicional. Esta se ha basado en la neutralidad y la adopción de una política exterior que ha convertido aquella en singular en el contexto de su entorno regional. Desde nuestro punto de vista, los fundamentos de la acción exterior de un país de relativa importancia como es el caso de Omán no pueden disociarse de su situación económica y, en este caso en particular, su creciente dependencia en organizaciones regionales como el Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo –asimismo influido por Arabia Saudí-. Por ello, apreciamos un nuevo posicionamiento, mucho más receptivo, de Mascate con respecto a las prioridades saudíes, una vez que Riad ha venido inyectando en los últimos años ayuda financiera para aliviar las penurias económicas omaníes. Por primera vez en mucho tiempo, Arabia Saudí está en una posición de privilegio para ejercer la presión necesaria sobre su vecino sudoriental e imponer, definitivamente, una “nueva visión regional” en consonancia con las prioridades saudíes en materia de política exterior.

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