Wisdom of the Masses? Users and Educators Contrasting Perspectives on the Data Privacy and Safety of Early Years’ Apps
Palavras-chave:
Apps, Early childhood, Education, Data privacy, QualityEste trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Resumo
A key focus is assessing children's apps, emphasising informational clarity, safety, and data ethics. The present study employs a structured database for app evaluation, by categorising 30 apps into edutainment, education, instruction, and training based on various criteria, including educational value and user ratings. Moreover, a comparative evaluation between the public ratings and the educator's evaluation was carried out. The findings underscore the challenges in app evaluation due to the proliferation of unregulated and untested applications. It highlights the discrepancies between public app evaluations and those conducted by experienced educators, pointing out the difficulties in obtaining relevant information for accurate app assessment. The study also addresses the aesthetic appeal of apps and how they influence parental choices, often overshadowing concerns about user security and privacy. In conclusion, the study calls for heightened parental awareness in selecting apps for their children. It stresses the importance of considering learning value, educational value, information clarity, security, and ethical data use.
Downloads
Referências
Akbayin, M., Mulliez, A., Fortin, F., Vicard Olagne, M., Laporte, C., & Vorilhon, P. (2023). Screen exposure time of children under 6 years old: A French cross-sectional survey in general practices in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. BMC Primary Care, 24(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-023-02009-5
Ante-Contreras, D. (2016). Distracted parenting: how social media affects parent-child attachment. Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations.
Antrilli, N. K., & Wang, S. (2023). Tangible and digital materials for spatial play: Exploring the effects on parental talk and children’s spatial reasoning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(2), 642-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13269
Barassi, V. (2017). BabyVeillance? Expecting parents, online surveillance and the cultural specificity of pregnancy apps. Social Media + Society, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117707188
Barassi, V. (2019). Datafied citizens in the age of coerced digital participation. Sociological Research Online, 24(3), 414-429. https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780419857734
Barassi, V. (2020). Child Data Citizen: How tech companies are profiling us from before Birth. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12415.001.0001
Beamish, N., Fisher, J., & Rowe, H. (2019). Parents’ use of mobile computing devices, caregiving and the social and emotional development of children: A systematic review of the evidence. Australasian Psychiatry, 27(2), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856218789764
Bellacchi, C. (2021). Bambini e adolescenti on line tra opportunità e rischi [Children and adolescents online between opportunities and risks]. francoAngeli.
Biesta, G. (2015). The beautiful risk of education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315635866
Brushe, M. E., Lynch, J. W., Melhuish, E., Reilly, S., Mittinty, M. N., & Brinkman, S. A. (2023). Objectively measured infant and toddler screen time: Findings from a prospective study. SSM - Population Health, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101395
Carbotti, S. (2015). App per l’infanzia: Linee guida per una progettazione efficace [Apps for children: Guidelines for effective design]. Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.13128/formare-15396
Crescenzi-Lanna, L., Valente, R., & Suárez-Gómez, R. (2019). Safe and inclusive educational apps: Digital protection from an ethical and critical perspective. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 27(61), 88-97.
Darnau, M., Hatzigianni, M., Kewalramani, S., & Palaiologou, I. (2023). Professional development for digital competencies in early childhood education and care: A systematic review (Systematic Review 25; OECD Education Working Papers N 25). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/a7c0a464-en
Dini, S., & Ferlino, L. (2016). La conoscenza tra le dita dei bambini. Imparare e giocare a tempo di app [Knowledge at their fingertips. Kid’s learning and playing in the app age]. Italian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(3), 147.
Ekambaranathan, A., Zhao, J., & Van Kleek, M. (2022). Poster: An analysis of privacy features in ‘expert-approved’ kids’ apps. Association for Computing Machinery.
Ferranti, C. (2018). Giocare e apprendere con le tecnologie [Play and learn with technologies]. Carocci.
Floridi, L. (2014). Commentary on the Onlife Manifesto. In The Onlife Manifesto. Springer.
Gruber, M., Höfig, C., Golla, M., Urban, T., & Große-Kampmann, M. (2022). “We may share the number of diaper changes”: A privacy and security analysis of mobile child care applications. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. https://doi.org/10.56553/popets-2022-0078
Jacovkis, J., Rivera-Vargas, P., Parcerisa, L., & Calderón-Garrido, D. (2022). Resistir, alinear o adherir. Los centros educativos y las familias ante las BigTech y sus plataformas educativas digitales [Schools and families before BigTech and its digital educational platforms]. Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 82, Art. 82. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2022.82.2615
Jibb, L., Amoako, E., Heisey, M., Ren, L., & Grundy, Q. (2022). Data handling practices and commercial features of apps related to children: A scoping review of content analyses. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 107(7), 665-673. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-323292
Khalaf, S., Kilani, H., Razo, M. B., & Grigorenko, E. L. (2022). Bored, distracted, and confused: emotions that promote creativity and learning in a 28-month-old child using an iPad. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10040118
Li, T., Li, Y., Hoque, M. A., Xia, T., Tarkoma, S., & Hui, P. (2022). To what extent we repeat ourselves? Discovering daily activity patterns across mobile app usage. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 21(4), 1492-1507. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2020.3021987
Livingstone, S. (2022). EU kids online: Enhancing knowledge regarding European children’s use, Risk and Safety Online, 2010. UK Data Service. https://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-6885-1
Lupton, D., & Williamson, B. (2017). The datafied child: The dataveillance of children and implications for their rights. New Media & Society, 19(5), 780-794. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686328
Mascheroni, G., & Siibak, A. (2021). Datafied childhoods. Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/b17460
Meyer, M., Zosh, J. M., McLaren, C., Robb, M., McCaffery, H., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Radesky, J. (2021). How educational are “educational” apps for young children? App store content analysis using the Four Pillars of Learning framework. Journal of Children and Media, 15(4), 526-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2021.1882516
Mulcahy, H., & Savage, E. (2016). Uncertainty: A little bit not sure. Parental concern about child growth or development. Journal of Child Health Care, 20(3), 333-343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493515587059
OECD. (2017). Starting strong V: Transitions from early childhood education and care to primary education. OECD Publishing.
OECD. (2023). Empowering young children in the digital Age. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/50967622-en
Pangrazio, L., & Mavoa, J. (2023). Studying the datafication of Australian childhoods: Learning from a survey of digital technologies in homes with young children. Media International Australia, 1329878X231162386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X231162386
Papadakis, S. (2022). Apps to promote computational thinking and coding skills to young age children: a pedagogical challenge for the 21st century learners. Educational Process: International Journal, 11(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2022.111.1
Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2020). A research synthesis of the real value of self-proclaimed mobile educational applications for young children. En S. E. Papadakis (Coord.), Mobile learning applications in early childhood education (pp. 1-19). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1486-3.ch001
Pimienta, J., Brandt, J., Bethe, T., Holz, R., Continella, A., Jibb, L., & Grundy, Q. (2023). Mobile apps and children’s privacy: A traffic analysis of data sharing practices among children’s mobile iOS apps. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 108(11), 943-945. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-325960
Radesky, J., Hiniker, A., McLaren, C., Akgun, E., Schaller, A., Weeks, H. M., Campbell, S., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2022). Prevalence and characteristics of manipulative design in mobile applications used by children. JAMA Network Open, 5(6), e2217641. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.17641
Raffaghelli, J. E. (2022). Educators’ data literacy: Understanding the bigger picture. In L. Pangrazio & J. Sefton-Green (Eds.), Learning to live with datafication: Educational case studies and initiatives from across the world (pp. 80-99). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003136842
Raffaghelli, J. E., Restiglian, E., Bragadin, A. B., Zoroaster, P., Gottardo, M., & Crudele, F. (2023). Educators’ uncertainty around platformisation in early childhood education (Zenodo 7835999; Version V1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7835999
Restiglian, E., Raffaghelli, J.E., Gottardo, M., & Zoroaster, P. (2023). Pedagogical documentation in the era of digital platforms: Early childhood educators’ professionalism in a dilemma. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 31(137). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.31.7909
Rocha, B., & Nunes, C. (2020). Benefits and damages of the use of touchscreen devices for the development and behavior of children under 5 years old. A systematic review. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 33, 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-020-00163-8
Sartori, G. (2023). Evoluzione tecnologica e prima infanzia: Un’indagine sull’uso di applicazioni digitali e giocattoli intelligenti [Technological evolution and early childhood: An investigation into the use of digital applications and intelligent toys]. Technological evolution and early childhood: An investigation into the use of digital applications and intelligent toys [Master Thesis, University of Padua].
Su, J., & Yang, W. (2022). Artificial intelligence in early childhood education: A scoping review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100049
Suárez-Guerrero, C., Rivera-Vargas, P., & Raffaghelli, J. (2023). EdTech myths: Towards a critical digital educational agenda. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 1, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2023.2240332
Swist, T., & Collin, P. (2017). Platforms, data and children’s rights: Introducing a ‘networked capability approach’. New Media & Society, 19(5), 671-685. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686319
van Dijck, J., Poell, T., & de Wall, M. (2018). The Platform Society public values in a Connective World. (2018th ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001
Williamson, B. (2019). Policy networks, performance metrics and platform markets: Charting the expanding data infrastructure of higher education. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(6), 2794-2809. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12849
Williamson, B., Eynon, R., Knox, J., & Davies, H. (2023). Critical perspectives on AI in education: Political economy, discrimination, commercialization, governance and ethics. In B. Boulay (Ed.), Handbook of artificial intelligence in education (pp. 553-570). Edward Elgar Publishing.