El Alumno ante la Escuela y su Propio Aprendizaje: Algunas Líneas de Investigación en Torno al Concepto de Implicación
Palavras-chave:
Fracaso escolar, deserción, , implicación, no-implicaciónDireitos de Autor (c) 2023 REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Resumo
Fenómenos como el fracaso escolar, el abandono prematuro, el desapego progresivo de ciertos estudiantes con respecto a la escuela y los aprendizajes, los problemas de convivencia y disciplina, entre otros, han sido analizados desde múltiples frentes. En el plano internacional, la investigación en torno a la “implicación (engagement) y no-implicación (disengagement) de los estudiantes con lo escolar y lo educativo está aportando claves interesantes para la comprensión de estos asuntos. En este artículo se comentan algunas cuestiones sobre el particular. Tras aludir a la complejidad del concepto “implicación” y la diversidad de aspectos que se recogen bajo el mismo, se ofrece una panorámica de un amplio cuerpo de investigación que ha abordado el tema tomando como foco de atención a los alumnos como sujetos de la implicación o del desenganche en la escuela. Se alude a distintos componentes de la “implicación escolar” de los estudiantes (conductuales, afectivos y cognitivos) y a la tendencia actual a integrarlos en una visión multidimensional de este constructo. El texto finaliza con algunas consideraciones en las que se insiste en la necesidad de abordar la investigación sobre implicación escolar entendiéndola como un fenómeno dinámico, interactivo, dialéctico, ligada a entornos sociales y a culturas y procesos escolares.
Downloads
Referências
Consejo Escolar de Canarias (1991). Informe sobre la realidad educativa canaria. Tenerife: Consejo Escolar de Canarias.
American Institutes for research (2007). School climate and connectedness and student achievement. Consultado en: <http://www.alaskaice.org/files/070918_SCCSandAchievement_AIRTechPaper.pdf> el 26/09/2008.
Anderson, A.R., Christenson, S.L. y Lehr, C.A. (2009). School completion and student engagement: information and strategies for educators. Consultado en: <http://www.nasponline.org/resources/principals/nasp_compleducators.pdf> el 11/07/2009.
Appleton, J.J., Christeson, S.L. y Furlong, M.J. (2008). Student engagement: Critical conceptual and methodological issues of the construct. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), pp. 369-386.
Archambault, I., Janosz, M., Fallu, J.S. y Pagani, L.S. (2009). Student engagement and its relationship with early high school dropout. Journal of Adolescence, 32, pp. 651-670.
Atweh B., Bland, D., Carrington, S. y Cavanagh, R. (2007). School Disengagement: Its constructions, investigation and management. AARE 2007 International Educational Research Conference. Consultado en: <http://www.aare.edu.au/07pap/atw07598.pdf> el 26/10/2008.
Audas, R. y Willms, D. (2001). Engegement scolaire et décrochage: perspective de la trajectorie de vie. Consultado en: <http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/fra/sm/ps/rhdc/rpc/publications/recherche/2001-000175/SP-483-01-02F.pdf> el 12/01/2002
Bergeson, T. y Heuschel, M.A. (2003). Helping Students Finish School. Why Students Drop Out and How to Help Them Graduate. Consultado en: <http://www.k12.we.us/research/default.aspx> el 23/09/2004.
Berry, K. (2005). Pupil motivation. Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe) Consultado en: <http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/briefings-05/sb05-09.pdf> el 22/10/2008.
Blum, R. (2005). School Connectedness: Improving the Lives of Students. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. Consultado en: <http://cecp.air.org/download/MCMonographFINAL.pdf> el 27/04/2008.
Blum, R. y Libbey, H. (2004). Executive Summary. Journal of School health, 74(7). Consultado en: <http://www.jhsph.edu/wingspread/Septemberissue.pdf.> el 12/07/2009.
Callanan, M., Kinsella, R., Graham, J., Turczuk, O. y Finch, S. (2009).Pupils with declining attainment at Key Stages 3 and 4: Profiles, Experiences and impacts of underachievement and disengagement. National Centre for Social Research, Research Report No DCSF-RR086. Consultado en: el 20/12/2009.
Committee on Increasing High School Students' Engagement and Motivation to Learn (2004). Engaging Schools. Fostering High school students’ motivation to learn. Washington: The National Academic Press.
Croninger, R.G. y Lee, V.E. (2001). Social Capital and Dropping Out of High School: benefits to At-Risk Students Of Teachers’ Support and Guidance. Teacher College Record, 103(4), pp.548-581.
Dei, S.G.J. (2003). Schooling and the dilemma of youth disengagement. McGill Journal of education,38(2). <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3965/is_200304/ai_n9196667/?tag=content;col1> el 15/04/2009.
Escudero, J. M. (2005). “Fracaso escolar, exclusión educativa: ¿De qué se excluye y cómo?”. Profesorado, revista de currículo y formación del profesorado, 1(1). Consultado en: <http://www.ugr.es/~recfpro/Rev101.html>.
Finn, J.D. (1989). Withdrawing from School. Review of Educational Research, 59(2), pp.117–142.
Finn, J.D. (1993). School Engagement & Students at Risk. Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. (NCES 93 470). Consultado en: <http://nces.ed.gov/pubs93/93470a.pdf> el 05/05/2003.
Fredricks, J.A., Blumenfeld, P., Friedel, J. y Paris, A. (2003). School Engagement. Consultado en: <http://www.childtrends.org/Files/ Child_Trends-2003_03_12_PD_PDConfFBFP.pdf> el 20/01/209.
Fredericks, J.A., Blumenfeld, P.C. y Paris, H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept. State of evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), pp. 59-109.
Fullarton, S. (2002). Student engagement with school. Individual and school-level influences. Longitudinal surveys of Australian youth. Research report. Consultado en: <http://www.acer.edu.au/documents/LSAY_lsay27.pdf> el 26/10/2008.
Furlong, M.J., Whipple, A.D., Jean, G., Simental, J., Soliz, A. y Punthuma, S. (2003). Multiple contexts of school engagement: Moving toward a unifying framework for educational research and practice. The California School Psychologist, 8, pp.99-113.
Furlong, M.J. y Christenson, S.L. (2008). Engaging students at school and with learning: a relevant construct for all students. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), pp. 365-368.
Glanville, J.L. y Wildhagen, T. (2007). The Measurement of School Engagement: Assessing Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance Across Race and Ethnicity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67 (6), pp. 1019-1041.
González, Mª.T. (2006). Absentismo y abandono escolar: Una situación singular de la exclusión educativa. Revista electrónica iberoamericana sobre calidad, eficacia y cambio en educación, 4(1). Disponible en: <http://www.rinace.net/arts/vol4num1/art1.pdf>.
González, Mª.T. (en prensa). La atención, el cuidado, las relaciones y la responsabilidad del centro escolar con los estudiantes. En Mª. T. González (Coord.).Innovaciones en el gobierno y la gestión de los centros escolares. Madrid. Síntesis.
Janosz, M., Archambault, I., Morizot, J. y Pagani, L.S. (2008). School engagement and their differential predictive relations to dropout. Journal of Social Issues, 64(1), pp. 21-40.
Jimerson, S.R; Campos, E. y Greif, J.L. (2003).Toward an Understanding of Definitions and Measures of School Engagement and Related Terms. The California School Psychologist, 8, pp. 7-27.
Khoo, S.T. y Ainley, J. (2005). Attitudes, Intentions and Participation. (LSAY Research Report No. 41). Melbourne, Vic: Australian Council for Educational Research. Consultado en: <http://forms.acer.edu.au/documents/LSAY_lsay41.pdf.> el 26/10/2008.
Leithwood, K., y Jantzi, D. (1999). The Relative Effects of Principal and Teacher Sources of Leadership on Student Engagement with School. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(5), pp. 679-706.
Lehr, C.A. (2004). Increasing School Completion: Learning from Research-Based Practices that Work. Research to Practice Brief, 3(3). Consultado en: <http://www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=1646.> el 02/01/2010.
Libbey, H.P. (2004). Measuring Student Relationships to School: Attachment, Bonding, Connectedness, and Engagement. Journal of School Health, 74(7), pp. 274-283. Consultado en: <http://www.jhsph.edu/bin/s/q/Septemberissue.pdf> el 26/10/2008.
Lippman, L. y Rivers, A. (2008). Assessing school engagement: A guide for out-of-school time program practitioners. Consultado en: <http://www.childtrends.org/files/child_trends-2008_10_29_RB_schoolengage.pdf> el 02/01/2010
Marí-Klose, P., Marí-Klose, M., Granados, F.J., Gómez-Granell, C, y Martínez, A. (2009). Informe de la Inclusión Social en España 2009. Barcelona: Fundació Caixa Catalunya, Disponible en: <http://discoverynet.es/informe_inclusio/informe2009_castella.pdf>.
Marks, H.M. (2000). Student Engagement in Instructional Activity: Patterns in the Elementary, Middle, and High School Years. American Educational Research Journal, 37 (1), pp. 153-184.
McMahon, B. y Portelli, J. P. (2004). Engagement for What? Beyond Popular Discourses of Student Engagement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 3(1), pp. 59–76.
McMahon, B. y Zyngier, D. (2009). Student engagement: contested concepts in two continents. Research in Comparative and International Education, 4(2), pp. 164-180.
McNelly, C. (2003). Connection to School as an Indicator of Positive Development. Consultado en: <http://www.childtrends.org/Files/McNeely-paper.pdf> el 06/05/2008.
Morse, A.B., Anderson, R., Christenson, S.L. y Lehr, C.A. (2004). Promoting School Completion. Consultado en: <http://www.nasponline.org/resources/principals/School%20Completion%20NASSP%20February%2004.pdf> el 02/01/2010.
Murphy, J., Beck, L.G., Crawford, M., Hodges, A. y McGaughy, Ch.L. (2001). The productive high school. Creating Personalized Academic Communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Murray, C. y Greenberg, M.T. (2000). Children's Relationship with Teachers and Bonds with School An Investigation of Patterns and Correlates in Middle Childhood. Journal of School Psychology, 38(5), pp. 423-445.
NCSE (National Center for School Engagement) (2006). Quantifying School Engagement: Research Report. Consultado en el 06/05/2008.
Newman, F.M., Wehlage, G.G. y Lamborno, S.D. (1992). The significance and sources of Student engagement. En F.M. Newman (Ed.): Student engagement and achievement in American Secondary Schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
Newmann, L. y Davies E, (2004).The school engagement of Elementary and Middle schools students with dissabilities. En AA.VV. Engagement, academics, social adjustment, and independence: The achievement of elementary and middle school students with disabilities. Consultado en: <http://www.seels.net/info_reports/engagement.htm> el 04/02/2005.
Osterman, K. F. (2000). “Students' need for belonging in the school community“. Review of Educational Research, 70(3), pp. 323-367.
Osterman, K. (2002). School as communities for students. En G. Furman (Ed.). School as community. From promise to practice. Albany: State University of New York press, pp. 167-196.
Portelli, J.P. y Mc McMahon, B.J (2004). Why critical, democratic engagement?. Journal of Maltese Education research, 2(2), pp. 39-45. Consultado el 14/05/2009, en: .
Ream, R.K. y Rumberger, R.W. (2008). Student engagement, peer social capital and school dropout among Mexican American and Non-latino white students. Sociology of education, 81, pp. 109-139.
Rikey, K.A. y Rustique-Forrester, E. (2002). Working with disaffected students. Londres: Paul Cahpman.
Romeroy, E. (1999). The teacher-student relationship in secondary school: Insights from excluded students. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 20(4), pp. 465-482.
Ross, A. (2009).Disengagement from Education among 14-16 year olds. Research Report NoSF-RR178. National Centre for Social Research. Consultado el 16/12/2009, en: <http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/DCSF-RR178.pdf>.
Rumberger, R.W. (2001). Why Students Drop out of School and What Can be Done. Consultado en: <http://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/dropouts/rumberger.pdf> el 05/05/2003.
Simons-Morton, B. y Chen, R. (2009). Peer and parent Influences on school engagement among early adolescents. Youth & Society, 41(1), pp. 3-25.
Solomon, I. y Rogers, C. (2001). Motivational Patterns in Disaffected School Students: insights from pupil referral unit clients. British Educational research Journal, 27(3), pp. 331-345.
Suárez-Orozco, C., Pimentel, A. y Martin, M. (2009). The significance of relations. Academia engagement and achievement among newcomer immigrant youth. Teacher College Record, 111(3), pp. 712-749.
Vibert, A.B. y Shields, C. (2003). Approaches to student engagement: Does ideology matter? McGill Journal of Education, 4. Consultado el 28/09/2008, en: <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3965/is_200304/ai_n9196671/?tag=content;col1>.
Voelkl, K.E. (1997). Identification with the school. American Journal of Education, 105(5), pp. 294-318.
Weiss, C.L.A., Cunningham, D.L., Lewis, C.P., y Clark, M.G. (2005). Enhancing Student Connectedness to Schools.Baltimore, MD: Center for School Mental Health Analysis and Action, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine. Disponible en: <http://csmh.umaryland.edu/resources/CSMH/briefs/CaringConnectednessBrief.pdf>.
Wehlage, G.G. y Rutter R.A.(1986). Droping Out: How Much Do Schools Contribute to the Problem? Teacher College record, 27(3), pp. 374-392.
Willms, J.D. (2000). Student engagement at school. A sense of belonging and participation. Results from PISA 2000. Disponible en: <http://www.pisa.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/35/33689437.pdf>.
Whitlock, J. (2003). Fostering School Connectedness. Consultado el 26/09/2008, en: <http://www.actforyouth.net/documents/school_connectedness_web.pdf>
Whitlock, J. (2004). Places to be and places to belong Act for youth upstate center of excellence; Cornell University. Consultado en: el 16/04/2008.
Yazzie-Mintz, E. (2007). Voices of students on engagement: A report on the 2006 High School Survey of Student Engagement. Bloomington, IN: Center for Evaluation & Education Policy, Indiana University. Consultado en: <http://ceep.indiana.edu/hssse/pdf/HSSSE_2006_Report.pdf> el 16/04/2008.
Yonezawa, S., Jones, M. y Joselowsky, F. (2009). Youth engagement in high schools: Developing a multidimensional, critical approach to improving engagement for all students. J. Educational Change, 10, pp. 191-209.
Zyngier, D. (2004). Doing education not doing time. Engaging Pedagogies and Pedagogues - what does student engagement look like in action? International Education Research Conference Melbourne. Doing the Public Good: Positioning Education Research. Consultado en: <http://monash.academia.edu/documents/0011/5653/ZYN04008.PDF> el 27/09/2008.
Zyngier, D. (2006). (Re)conceptualising Connectedness as a Pedagogy of Engagement. AARE Conference, Adelaida. .Consultado en: <http://www.aare.edu.au/06pap/zyn06865.pdf> el 12/12/2009.
Zyngier, D. (2007). (Re)conceiving student engagement: What the students say they want. Putting young people at the centre of the conversation. LEARning Landscapes, 1, pp. 93-116. Consultado en: <http://www.learnquebec.ca/export/sites/learn/en/content/learninglandscapes/documents/LL-OCT-2007-LR-link.pdf> el 27/09/2008.