Formación Inicial del Profesorado: Modelo Actual y Llaves para el Cambio
Palabras clave:
Profesorado, Formación inicial, Innovación, Modelo pedagógico, Cambio educativo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
En este artículo presenta las tendencias innovadoras en materia de formación inicial docente. El análisis se basa en referencias fundamentadas acumuladas por los autores en trabajos previos mediante una metodología cualitativa que orienta la revisión de la literatura a través de categorías apriorísticas de análisis. Hoy somos testigos del agotamiento del modelo de formación inicial docente frente a los retos planteados por las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI. La literatura reconoce dos áreas primordiales en las que se puede reconocer la ‘emergencia’ de un modelo innovador. Por un lado, los cambios en la estructura y la organización de la formación y por otro la transformación del modelo pedagógico que da sustento a los programas de preparación inicial del profesorado. El trabajo que se comparte focaliza en los modelos pedagógicos y profundiza en casos de ruptura con el paradigma tradicional. Los antecedentes examinados se organizan en cuatro procesos innovadores que permitirían la mejora de la formación docente: la integración y la interdisciplinaridad basada en prácticas-clave; la consideración del aspecto emocional de la docencia; la promoción de la colaboración e intercambio y la valorización de los aprendizajes informales y de los procesos de autoformación.
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