Diferencias sexuales y de género en la asociación entre depresión e insuficiencia cardiaca: una revisión bibliográfica sistemática
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad cardiovascular, síntomas depresivos, factores de riesgo, diferencias de sexo/géneroResumen
La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) consiste en la incapacidad del corazón para bombear la sangre adecuada a los tejidos y afecta a 64,3 millones de personas. La depresión es un factor de riesgo relacionado con la IC que, junto con otras comorbilidades, hábitos y factores socioeconómicos, conducen a un peor pronóstico de la IC. El objetivo principal del trabajo es evaluar el efecto de la depresión en pacientes con IC en función del sexo y/o género y analizar las posibles diferencias en los síntomas depresivos. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática utilizando la base de datos Web of Science y diversos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En la mayoría de los trabajos consultados se observaron diferencias significativas entre los síntomas depresivos de mujeres y hombres con IC, siendo más graves en el sexo femenino. Las mujeres mostraron una peor calidad de vida, los hombres tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de hospitalización y la tasa de mortalidad fue similar en ambos sexos. La predisposición de las mujeres a sufrir depresión puede explicarse mediante factores sociales y mecanismos biológicos. La obesidad, la diabetes, la inactividad física y el estatus socioeconómico son factores que afectan en mayor medida a las mujeres, mientras que la hipertensión y el tabaquismo tienen mayor prevalencia en los hombres. Sin embargo, el riesgo de IC que generan estos dos últimos factores es mayor en las mujeres. En definitiva, la IC es una enfermedad multifactorial cuyas discrepancias en función del sexo y género deben ser consideradas por los profesionales de la salud.
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