Climate Change and Human Rights: the Challenge of the “New Refugees”

Abstract

The wide range of environmental disruptions caused by climate change carries adverse effects such as migration flows induced by the fragmentation of the habitat. The lack of preliminary consensus on whether these “migrants” can and/or should be qualified as “refugees” reveals a normative gap in the two areas of International Law prima facie called to operate in these cases: International Refugee law and International Human Rights Law. Against this background, it is convenient to revisit the range of suggestions raised so far to respond to this “legal gap”. We will distinguish considerations that the protection of these migrants would be better ensured by institutional developments, from proposals insisting on the need to promote normative development. Besides, the process of searching solutions to this issue permits to reveal the underlying tension between the rationales of International Environmental Law and International Human Rights Law, while pointing out at the limitations of the international legal order when it is called to face global phenomena such as this “new image” of transboundary migration.