Constitución, políticas y Sociedad: derechos de las mujeres en Túnez antes y después de la revolución
Palabras clave:
Revolución tunecina, derechos de las mujeres, feminismo árabe
Resumen
Desde el siglo pasado, Túnez ha sido una fuente de inspiración para el mundo árabe en cuanto a la protección y el reconocimiento de derechos. La cuestión de los derechos de las mujeres siempre se ha situado en el centro del diálogo político, religioso y social del país: cuestionado y reafirmado junto con la sucesión de diferentes concepciones del estado y con la alternancia de políticas divididas entre secularismo y democratización, ha jugado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del país. La Primavera Árabe fue un auténtico hito en la historia de Túnez y modificó profundamente el estatus de las mujeres. Tras un periodo transitorio complicado, plagado de arduos compromisos políticos e ideológicos, en 2014 entró en vigor una nueva constitución increíblemente avanzada en términos de derechos y respecto al reconocimiento de la igualdad. El proceso de implementación de la carta magna —aún incompleto— está acompañado por el control y la vigilancia, tanto de activistas como de diversos movimientos, que hacen frente a las resistencias —arraigadas en el país— que obstaculizan el reconocimiento efectivo de los derechos constitucionales. Estas oposiciones, más o menos explícitas, están fuertemente unidas a una tradición que, en el plano político, cultural, social o jurídico, parece difícil de conciliar con el nuevo horizonte de derechos en el que se establece la Túnez posrevolucionaria. Este documento pretende identificar las causas de la brecha entre lo que está constitucionalmente reconocido y lo que subyace en el seno social, teniendo en consideración tanto la idiosincrasia histórica y política del país, así como el rol cambiante de las mujeres en la articulación de movimientos de continuidad y de revolución.
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