¿Cooptación o resistencia? Problematizando las estrategias legales y derechos de los movimientos sociales en el dominio socio-económico
Palabras clave:
Derechos, movimientos sociales, contraconductas, estrategias legales, gubernamentalidadDerechos de autor 2018 Alberto FIERRO
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Este artículo elabora un marco analítico para problematizar las estrategias legales y de derechos de los movimientos sociales. En la literatura especializada, los académicos han argumentado que los tribunales tienen un efecto individualizador sobre las luchas colectivas, o que los derechos (humanos) constituyen sujetos neoliberales. Sin embargo, es posible abrir esta comprensión teórica a complejidades adicionales: la inclusión de movimientos en ciertas gubernamentalidades puede tener efectos positivos en su lucha. La discusión sigue dos ejes argumentativos principales: en primer lugar, usando herramientas legales y lenguajes de derechos, los movimientos sociales están posiblemente desplegando estrategias de ‘contra-conducta’. Precisamente porque la ley es parte integrante de las gubernamentalidades neoliberales, pueden constituir un elemento estratégico para redirigir y subvertir las relaciones de poder establecidas. En segundo lugar, los derechos en el ámbito socio-económico (por ejemplo, al trabajo, a una vivienda y a la tierra) tienen propiedades específicas que actúan en contra del neoliberalismo económico. Siguiendo el argumento polanyiano clásico, la idea de los derechos socio-económicos aleja estos bienes del dominio del mercado. Esto genera dificultades al sistema económico capitalista, que se apoya en una concepción estricta de la tierra y vivienda como mercancías.
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