Núm. 30 (2015): Diez años de Relaciones Internacionales
Artículos

Mercados transgresores de seguridad: una mercancía en disputa y sus prácticas de mercado

Anna LEANDER
Copenhagen Business School, Dept. of Management, Politics and Philosophy
Biografía
Publicado 1 noviembre 2015

Palabras clave:

seguridad privada, mercantilización, mercados transgresores, disputa
Cómo citar
LEANDER, A. (2015). Mercados transgresores de seguridad: una mercancía en disputa y sus prácticas de mercado. Relaciones Internacionales, (30), 117–137. https://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2015.30.006

Resumen

Este artículo plantea que los esfuerzos para comprender, dar forma y regular los mercados de seguridad privada y sus implicaciones podrían mejorarse enormemente con una mejor conceptualización del mercado de la seguridad privada. Si bien la literatura académica más importante y el debate práctico en torno a la seguridad privada admiten que la mercantilización de la seguridad es controvertida, no reconocen completamente la profundidad de dicha disputa o sus implicaciones. La seguridad pertenece al ámbito de las mercancías en disputa, esto es, a la categoría de cosas que algunos consideran que no pueden o no deben ser mercantilizadas. Esto tiene profundas consecuencias para las prácticas de mercado y, por tanto, para la forma del propio mercado. Más específicamente, como muestra el artículo haciendo referencia a lo acontecido en Europa Occidental, Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido, las prácticas de mercado eluden la polémica minimizando su importancia y oscureciéndolas. El artículo analiza cómo se lleva a cabo este proceso en relación a tres nodos centrales de disputa, a saber, al monopolio por parte del estado del uso de la fuerza, los mercenarios y el riesgo de inseguridad descontrolada. Y muestra cómo dicho proceso adopta una forma peculiar de mercado transgresor que supera las divisiones público-privado, interno-externo, y seguridad-amenaza. El artículo concluye insistiendo en que la consecuencia directa consiste en que los mercados de seguridad no son simplemente privados. Abandonar esta perspectiva proporciona un punto de partida más claro para aquellos que intenten comprender, dar forma o regular los mercados de seguridad.

 

 

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