Palabras clave:
Economía Ecológica, Sostenibilidad Fuerte, Excedente Ecológico, Teoría del Proceso de Trabajo, MercantilizaciónDerechos de autor 2021 Chandni Dwarkasing; Gonzalo Vitón, Victoria Silva Sánchez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
El capital natural es un concepto teórico muy conocido que se utiliza para tener en cuenta el papel de la naturaleza en la producción económica. Su popularización entre los economistas en la década de 1990 ha dado lugar a opiniones divergentes sobre la relación entre el capital natural y el capital físico en las funciones de producción. Donde la sostenibilidad débil aboga por la sustituibilidad, la sostenibilidad fuerte requiere complementariedad. Esta distinción es también una de las muchas líneas a lo largo de las cuales se puede diferenciar la Economía Ambiental y de Recursos (EAR) de la Economía Ecológica (EE). Luego de una introducción al concepto de capital natural, abordamos el triunfo declarado de la sostenibilidad fuerte tanto en términos de evaluaciones científicas, que resaltan la necesidad de la conservación del capital natural, como el fomento de esfuerzos de conservación mediante la valoración monetaria. La investigación sobre las diversas trampas relacionadas con la valoración monetaria está más que presente en EE a través de la literatura sobre la mercantilización de la naturaleza. La contribución de este artículo es única ya que tiene como objetivo tanto reinterpretar como revisar la práctica de la formalización matemática en EE desde una perspectiva marxista ecológica. Al basarse en la ecología-mundo y la teoría del proceso de trabajo de Marx, se llega a las siguientes ideas: i) la valoración monetaria del capital natural crítico representa una estrategia de acumulación basada en la capitalización ii) la acumulación ecológicamente sostenida altera parcialmente el 'metabolismo material' mientras que la 'realización del propósito' no cambia y iii) la representación formal de las configuraciones economía-ecología a través de la función de producción solo captura la contribución de la naturaleza capitalizada y no considera la naturaleza apropiada. Concluimos que el marxismo ecológico proporciona ideas útiles que pueden ampliar los confines actuales de la formalización matemática de EE. Esto permitiría una descripción más completa de las configuraciones economía-ecología.
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