Keywords:
Colonialism, State Crime , Law, State of Exception , TerrorismCopyright (c) 2016 Relaciones Internacionales
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abstract
This paper puts forth the concept of colonial state terror as a category for the analysis of the uses of political violence in the Puerto Rican colonial conflict by US and Puerto Rican governments and pro-state organisations. To this end, the paper is divided in three general parts: firstly, it provides an analysis of the legal and political definition of US colonialism through the concept of the colonial state of exception; secondly, it exposes the concept of colonial state terror; and thirdly, it develops a brief history of the uses of colonial state terror in the long history of US colonialism in Puerto Rico. In doing so, this paper seeks to establish a research agenda for the better understanding of the relationship between colonialism, political violence, law and de-politicisation.
Downloads
References
ACOSTA, Ivonne, La mordaza, Edil, Río Piedras, 1998.
AGAMBEN, Giorgio, State of Exception: Homo Sacer II, 1, University of Chicago, Chicago, 2005.
ATILES, José, “The Criminalisation of Anti-Colonial Struggle in Puerto Rico”, en POYNTING, Scott y WHYTE, David (eds.), Counter-terrorism and State Political Violence: The ‘War on Terror’ as Terror, Routledge, Londres y Nueva York, 2012, ps. 156-177.
ATILES, José, “Pro-State Violence in Puerto Rico: Cuban and Puerto Ricans Right-Wing Terrorism”, en Socialism and Democracy, vol. 26, n°1, 2012, ps. 127-142.
ATILES, José, “U.S. Response to Cuban and Puerto Rican Right-Wing Terrorism in the pre and post 9/11 Era”, en MASFERRER, Antonio (ed.), Post 9/11 and the State of Permanent Legal Emergency: Security and Human Rights in Countering Terrorism, Springer, Londres, 2012, ps. 259-284.
ATILES, José, “Neoliberalism, Law and Strike: Law as Instrument of Repression in the Student Strikes at the University of Puerto Rico between 2010 and 2011”, en Latin American Perspectives, vol. 40 n° 5, 2013, ps. 105-117.
ATILES, José, “The Criminalization of Socio-environmental Struggles in Puerto Rico”, en Oñati Socio- Legal Series, vol. 4, n°1, 2014, ps. 85-103.
ATILES, José, “Giorgio Agamben, estado de excepción y colonialismo: apuntes sobre la dimensión ontopolítica de la excepcionalidad”, en INSAUSTI, Xabier, NOGUEROLES, Marta y VERGARA, Jorge (Eds.) Nuevos diálogos de Pensamiento Crítico, Ediciones Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ps. 31-57.
ATILES, José, y WHYTE, David, “Counter-Insurgency Goes to University: The Militarisation of Policing in the Puerto Rico Student Strikes”, en Critical Studies on Terrorism, vol. 4, n°3, 2011, ps. 393-404.
BLAKELEY, Ruth, State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South, Routledge, Londres y Nueva York, 2009.
BOSQUES PÉREZ, Ramon y COLÓN MORERA, José (eds.), Las carpetas: derechos civiles y persecución política en Puerto Rico, CIPDC, Río Piedras, 1997.
BROWN, Wendy, “American Nightmare: Neoliberalism, Neoconservatism, and De-Democratization”, en Political Theory, vol. 34, n° 6, 2006, ps. 690-714.
BURNETT, Christina, “United States: American Expansion and Territorial Deannexation”, en The University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 72, n°3, 2005, ps. 797-879.
BUTLER, Judith, Precarious Life: The Power of Mourning and Violence, Londres, Verso, 2004.
FANON, Frantz, Los condenados de la tierra, Txalaparta, Nafarroa, 1999.
GONZÁLEZ, Michael, Nacionalismo revolucionario puertorriqueño, Isla Negra, San Juan/Santo Domingo, 2006.
GONZÁLEZ, Michael, “Puerto Rican Revolutionary Nationalism: Filiberto Ojeda Ríos and the Macheteros”, en Latin American Perspectives, vol. 35, 2008, ps. 151-165.
GRAMSCI, Antonio, Selection from the Prison Notebooks, Lawrence & Wisshart, Londres, 1971.
IRIZARRY, Lucila, Cal: Una historia clandestina, (1968-1972), Isla Negra, San Juan, 2010.
MALDONADO-TORRES, Nelson, “On the Coloniality of Being”, en Cultural Studies, vol. 21, n° 2, 2007, ps. 240 -270.
MORAZA, Manuel, La Masacre de Ponce, Publicaciones Puertorriqueñas, San Juan, 2001.
MORTON, Stephen, States of Emergency: Colonialism, Literature and Law, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 2013.
NIEVES FALCÓN, Luis, Violation of Human Rights in Puerto Rico by the United States, Ediciones Puerto, San Juan, 2002.
NIEVES FALCÓN, Luis, Un siglo de represión política en Puerto Rico 1898-1998, Ediciones Puerto, San Juan, 2009.
PARALITICI, José, Sentencia impuesta. 100 años de encarcelamientos por la independencia de Puerto Rico, Ediciones Puerto, San Juan, 2004.
PARALITICI, José, La voz silenciada: Primera entrevista a Filiberto Ojeda Ríos-1978, Ediciones Puerto, San Juan, 2007.
PARALITICI, José, La represión contra el independentismo puertorriqueño: 1960-2010, Publicaciones Gaviota, Cayey, 2011.
PÉREZ VIERA, Edgardo, El juicio de la historia: Contrainsurgencia y asesinato político en Puerto Rico, Editorial Cultural, San Juan, 2000.
POYNTING, Scott y WHYTE, David (eds.), Counter-Terrorism and State Political Violence: The “War on Terror” as Terror, Routledge, Londres y Nueva York, 2012.
RIVERA RAMOS, Efrén, The Legal Construction of Identity: The Judicial and Social Legacy or American Colonialism in Puerto Rico, American Psychological Association, Washington D.C., 2001.
ROLSTON, Bill, “An effective mask for terror’: Democracy, death squads and Northern Ireland”, en Crime, Law & Social Change, vol. 44, 2005, ps. 181–203.
ROLSTON, Bill, “Dealing with the Past: Pro-State Paramilitaries, Truth and Transition in Northern Ireland”, en Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 28, 2006, ps. 652-675.
ROSADO, Marisa, El nacionalismo y la violencia en la década de 1930, Ediciones Puerto, San Juan, 2007.
SANTIAGO-VALLES, Kelvin, “Subject People” and Colonial Discourses Economic transformation and Social disorder in Puerto Rico, 1898-1947, State University of New York Press, Nueva York, 1994.
SANTOS, Boaventura de Sousa, Toward a New Legal Common Sense; Law, Globalization and Emancipation, Butterworths y LexisNexis, Londres, 2002.
SCHMITT, Carl, Political Theology, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2005.
SEIJO, Miñi, La insurrección nacionalista en Puerto Rico, 1950, Editorial Edil, Río Piedras, 1989.
VENATOR, Charles, “From the Insular Cases to Camp X-Ray: Agamben’s State of Execption and United States Territorial Law”, en Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, vol. 39, 2006, ps.15-55.
YOUNG, Robert, Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 2001.