Dos categorías de resistencia anticolonial entre los palestinos del 48 ante el espejismo de la ciudadanía liberal. Los acontecimientos de la Primavera de 2021 como caso de estudio.
Palabras clave:
Palestina, Israel, Colonialismo de asentamiento, Resistencia anticolonial, CiudadaníaDerechos de autor 2023 Itxaso Domínguez de Olazábal
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
En el transcurso del año 2021, diversos eventos en la Palestina histórica arrojaron luz sobre las distintas posturas políticas y el conjunto de prácticas que actualmente predominan entre el pueblo palestino frente al carácter estructural de su vínculo con el estado de Israel. Este artículo se basa en un marco teórico que conceptualiza el contexto en la Palestina histórica y, por tanto, el marco en el que se inscriben los ciudadanos palestinos de Israel (‘palestinos del 48’), como un caso de colonialismo de asentamiento, en contraposición a la visión de Israel como una etnocracia, una democracia liberal que presenta insuficiencias relacionadas con el trato a esta y otras minorías. Partiendo de dos acontecimientos significativos para el pueblo palestino en la primavera de 2021, las elecciones legislativas en Israel y la denominada 'Intifada de la Unidad', el artículo busca exponer algunas de las prácticas que caracterizan las dos principales categorías de resistencia anticolonial adoptadas por los palestinos del 48, quienes se enfrentan al ilusorio concepto de ciudadanía liberal. Estas prácticas delinean los perfiles de dos categorías de resistencia anticolonial: una resistencia transigente que se ajusta al sistema colonial, utilizando las vías previstas por este para lograr mejoras, principalmente de índole material, y avanzar hacia una mayor igualdad formal. Por otro lado, se destaca una resistencia oposicional fundamentada en el rechazo frontal al proyecto colonial, basándose en la voluntad de desmantelar dicho proyecto y proponer alternativas surgidas de un proceso completo de descolonización. El análisis de los dos acontecimientos del año 2021, junto con la exploración de dos textos primarios, el Manifiesto de la Dignidad y la Esperanza, y el Manifiesto 'Seguimos Creyendo', contribuirá a identificar una serie de prácticas, discursivas y de otra índole, que caracterizan cada categoría de resistencia anticolonial.
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