Turquía y Grecia como aminemigos, una aproximación histórico-discursiva a los repertorios de política exterior de sus líderes entre 2019-2022
Palabras clave:
Erdoğan, Mitsotakis, episodio contencioso, inmigración, Mediterráneo orientalDerechos de autor 2022 Selin Türke?-K?l?ç, Gizem Cakmak
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Resumen
Resumen
Este artículo analiza las relaciones turco-griegas durante el polémico periodo de julio de 2019 a enero de 2022, momento en el que las tensiones entre ambos países aumentaron debido tanto a factores internos como coyunturales. El estudio emplea un Enfoque Histórico del Discurso para revelar los procesos de construcción de identidad que emergen de las declaraciones políticas del presidente de Turquía, Recep Tayyip Erdo?an, y del primer ministro de Grecia, Kyriakos Mitsotakis. El análisis sugiere que los dos líderes han desarrollado repertorios de amienemigos, que representan procesos interactivos de lógicas y prácticas de amistad y enemistad entre Turquía y Grecia, en los que estos actores se muestran competitivos y desconfiados, pero en los que también se observa el convencimiento de que la colaboración hace avanzar sus respectivos y, a menudo, conflictivos intereses.
Descargas
Citas
Books, Book Chapters and Articles
ALIOGLU ÇAKMAK, Gizem, GUNER, Melih (2021): “Energy as a Complicating Factor: Conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean and the New Challenges in Cyprus Question”, in KETENCI, Natalya, SEVENCAN, Ayse (eds): Economics and Politics of Energy in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, New York: Lexington Books, pp. 47-82.
AYDIN-DÜZGiT, Senem (2014): “Critical discourse analysis in analysing European Union foreign policy: Prospects and challenges”, Cooperation and Conflict, no 49(3), pp. 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836713494999.
AYDIN-DÜZGIT, Senem (2016): “De-Europeanisation through Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis of AKP’s Election Speeches”, South European Society and Politics, no 21(1), pp. 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2016.1147717.
AYDIN-DÜZGIT, Senem; RUMELILI, Bahar (2019): “Discourse Analysis: Strengths and Shortcomings”, All Azimuth, no 8 (2), pp. 285–305. https://dx.doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.477300.
AYDIN, Mustafa (2005): “Contemporary Turkish-Greek Relations: Constraints and Opportunities”, in AYDIN, Mustafa, IFANTIS, Kostos (eds): Turkish-Greek Relations The Security Dilemma in the Aegean, London: Routledge, pp. 21-52.
BALKAN-SAHIN, Sevgi (2020): “Tracing discursive strategies to understand the U.S. withdrawal from the iranian nuclear deal”, Uluslararasi ?li?kiler, no 17(66), pp. 61–76. DOI: 10.33458/uidergisi.720631. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.720631.
BUZAN Barry; WAEVER, Ole and DE WILDE, Jaap (1998): Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
CAMPBELL, David (1998): Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
CHARTERIS-BLACK, Jonathan (2011): Politicians and Rhetoric: The Persuasive Power of Metaphot, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
DOTY, Roxanne Lynn (1996): Imperial Encounters The Politics of Representation in North-South Relations, London: University of Minnesota Press.
FISKE, John (1994): Media matters: Everyday culture and political change, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
GODDARD, Stacie E; MACDONALD Paul K. and NEXON Daniel H. (2019): “Repertoires of statecraft: Instruments and logics of power politics”, International Relations, no 33(2), pp. 304–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117819834625.
HANSEN, Lene (2006): Security as Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War, London: Routledge.
HERACLIDES, Alexis (2019): “The Greek–Turkish Antagonism: The Social Construction of Self and Other”, in ALIOGLU ÇAKMAK, Gizem, HERACLIDES, Alexis (eds): Greece and Turkey in Conflict and Cooperation From Europeanization to de-Europeanization, Lodon: Routledge, pp. 41-65.
HUSEYINOGLU, Ali, EROGLU-UTKU, Deniz (2021): “Turkish Greek Relations and Irregular Migration at the Southeasternmost Borders of the EU: The 2020 Pazarkule Case” Migration Letters, no 18(6), pp. 659-674. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i6.1235.
HUYSMANS, Jef (2000): “The European Union and the Securitisation of Migration”, Journal of Common Market Studies, no 38(5), pp. 751–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00263.
KYRIAZI, Anna (2019): The General Elections in Greece 2019, MIDEM-Report 2019-3, Dresden
MANGO, Andrew (1987): Greece and Turkey: Unfriendly Allies. The World Today”, no 43(8/9), pp. 144–147.
MCADAM, Doug; TARROW, Sidney and TILLY, Charles (2004): Dynamics of Contention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MILLAS, Hercules (2009): “Perceptions of Conflict: Greeks and Turks in Each Other’s Mirrors”, in ANASTASAKIS, Othon;, NICOLAÏDIS, Kayipso and Öktem, Kerem (eds): In the Long Shadow of Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism, Leiden and Boston: Martines Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 95–113.
ÖZKIRIMLI, Umut; SOFOS, Spyros A. (2008): Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey, New York: Columbia University Press.
REZAEI, Farhad (2019). Iran and Turkey: Frenemies for Ever?. in: Iran’s Foreign Policy After the Nuclear Agreement. Middle East Today. Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, pp.189-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76789-5_8
REISIGL, Martin and WODAK, Ruth (2005): Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of racism and antisemitism. Discourse and Discrimination, London and New York: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9780203993712.
REISIGL, Martin and WODAK, Ruth (2009): “The discourse-historical approach (DHA)”, in: REISIGL, Martin and WODAK, Ruth (eds): Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Sage Publications, pp. 87–121.
RUMELILI, Bahar (2003): “Liminality and Perpetuation of Conflicts : Turkish-Greek Relations in the Context of Community Building by the EU” European Journal of International Relations no 9(2),pp. 213–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066103009002003.
RUMELILI, Bahar (2004): “Constructing identity and relating to difference: understanding the EU’s mode of differentiation”, Review of International Studies, no 30(01), pp. 27–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504005819.
TAHIROGLU, Merve and BEN TALEBLU, Behnam (2015): “Turkey and iran: the best of frenemies”, Turkish Policy Quarterly, no 14, pp. 123–134.
TILLY, Charles (2006): Regimes and Repertoires, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
TUBILEWICZ, Czeslaw (2012): “Friends, enemies or Frenemies? China-Taiwan discord in the world health organization and its significance”, Pacific Affairs, no 85(4), pp. 701–722. https://doi.org/10.5509/2012854701.
TWARDZISZ, Piotr (2013): The Language of Interstate Relations: In Search of Personification. Hampshire, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
VAN DIJK, Teun A. (2005): “War Rhetoric of a Little Ally: Political Implicatures and Aznar’s Legitimization of the War in Iraq”, Discourse and Power, no 4(1), pp. 185–210. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.4.1.04dij.
WILSON ROWE, Elena (2020): “Analyzing frenemies: An Arctic repertoire of cooperation and rivalry”, Political Geography, no 76, pp.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102072.
WODAK, Ruth (2009): The Discourse of Politics in Action, Hampshire, New York: Palgrace MacMillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230316539.
WODAK, Ruth (2018) Discourse and European Integration, MIM Working Paper Series, no 18: 1.: pp. 1–32.
Speeches and News
DALAY, Galip (2021): “Turkey, Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean: Charting a way out of the current deadlock”, Brookings, 28 January 2021, available at https://www.brookings.edu/research/turkey-europe-and-the-eastern-mediterranean-charting-a-way-out-of-the-current-deadlock/ [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2019a): “Türkiye, ne Suriye’de att??? ad?mlardan ne de Libya ile vard??? mutabakattan kesinlikle geri dönmeyecektir”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 22 December 2019, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/114055/-turkiye-ne-suriye-de-attigi-adimlardan-ne-de-libya-ile-vardigi-mutabakattan-kesinlikle-geri-donmeyecektir- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2019b): “ We engage in the same struggle for ourselves and our friends”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 1 October 2019, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/110911/-we-engage-in-the-same-struggle-for-ourselves-and-our-friends- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020a): “While making great sacrifices to establish peace and prevent a refugee crisis in Idlib, we haven’t received any substantial support from Europe”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 11 March 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/117010/-while-making-great-sacrifices-to-establish-peace-and-prevent-a-refugee-crisis-in-idlib-we-haven-t-received-any-substantial-support-from-europe- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020b): “We primarily opt for a settlement of disputes regarding the sharing of political and economic potential in the Mediterranean on an equitable basis”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 1 October 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/122223/-we-primarily-opt-for-a-settlement-of-disputes-regarding-the-sharing-of-political-and-economic-potential-in-the-mediterranean-on-an-equitable-basis- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020c): “We will go on board the Fatih drilling vessel on Saturday and announce the new reserve amount”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 14 October 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/122347/-we-will-go-on-board-the-fatih-drilling-vessel-on-saturday-and-announce-the-new-reserve-amount- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020d): “The key to resolution in the Eastern Mediterranean is dialogue and negotiations”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 13 August 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/121801/-the-key-to-resolution-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-is-dialogue-and-negotiations- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020e): “A system which does not serve people and does not ensure justice and security has no chance to succeed”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 22 November 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/122918/-a-system-which-does-not-serve-people-and-does-not-ensure-justice-and-security-has-no-chance-to-succeed- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020f): “Equations in which Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus are not fairly included cannot yield a Pax Mediterranea”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 28 September 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/122196/-equations-in-which-turkey-and-the-turkish-republic-of-northern-cyprus-are-not-fairly-included-cannot-yield-a-pax-mediterranea- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2020g): “Our priority in the Eastern Mediterranean is to settle disputes in a sincere dialogue, based on international law”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 22 September 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/122153/-our-priority-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-is-to-settle-disputes-in-a-sincere-dialogue-based-on-international-law- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN , Recep Tayyip (2020h): “Turkey has discovered the largest-ever natural gas reserve of its history in the Black Sea”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 21 August 2020, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/121868/-turkey-has-discovered-the-largest-ever-natural-gas-reserve-of-its-history-in-the-black-sea- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERDOGAN, Recep Tayyip (2021a): “While the world is rapidly changing, we must accordingly adjust our diplomacy”, Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, 18 June 2021, available at https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/128404/-while-the-world-is-rapidly-changing-we-must-accordingly-adjust-our-diplomacy- [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
ERGIN, Ayse Dicle (2020): “What Happened at the Greece-Turkey Border in early 2020?”, Verfassungsblog, 30 September 2020, available at https://verfassungsblog.de/what-happened-at-the-greece-turkey-border-in-early-2020/ [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
IORDANIDIS, Costas (2020): “Transforming New Democracy”, Ekathimerini, 15 February 2020, available at https://www.ekathimerini.com/opinion/249524/transforming-new-democracy/ [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
KARAGIANNIS, Emmanuel (2020): “The Silent Rise of Greece as a Mediterranean Power”, RUSI, 16 November 2020, available at https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/silent-rise-greece-mediterranean-power [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
KITSANTONIS, Niki (2019): “Greece to Shed ‘Black Sheep’ Status, New Conservative Leader Asserts”, New YorK Times, 7 September 2019 available at https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/07/world/europe/greece-austerity.html[consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020a): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ meeting with President Trump at the White House”, Prime Minister, 7 January 2020, https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/01/07/23009 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020b): “Statements by Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis in Kastanies, Evros, following his visit with the heads of the EU institutions at the Greek-Turkish border”, Prime Minister, 3 March 2020, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/03/03/23458 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020c): “Article by Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis published in The Times, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, and Le Monde”, Prime Minister, 9 September 2020, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/09/09/24742 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020d): “Statement by the Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis”, Prime Minister, 10 July 2020, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/07/10/24384 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020e): “Interview of Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis on CNN TV station and journalist Richard Quest”, Prime Minister, 6 March 2020, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/03/06/23497[consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2020f): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ interview on CNN with anchor Christiane Amanpour”, Prime Minister, 1 April 2020, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2020/04/01/23665 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021a): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ remarks during an online discussion at the Nueva Economia Forum”, Prime Minister, 19 February 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/02/19/25907 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021b): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ remarks following his meeting with the Prime Minister of Spain, Pedro Sánchez”, Prime Minister, 10 May 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/05/10/26563 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021c): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ fireside chat with Economist and Columbia University Professor Jeffrey Sachs at the 1st Athens ESG & Climate Crisis Summit”, Prime Minister, 20 October 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/10/20/27764 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021d): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ interview on ITV network, with journalists Ed Balls and Susanna Reid”, Prime Minister, 16 November 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/11/16/27996 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021e): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ remarks during the joint press conference with the Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Mark Rutte”, Prime Minister, 9 November 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/11/09/28043 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021f): “ Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ interview with Bloomberg”, Prime Minister, 23 September 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/09/23/27509 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]
MITSOTAKIS, Kyriakos (2021g): “Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ address to the 76th Session of the United Nations General Assembly”, Prime Minister, 24 September 2021, available at https://primeminister.gr/en/2021/09/24/27541 [consulted on: 28 January 2021]