IMPLICATIONS OF BORDER-MAKING AND BORDER-CROSSING FOR THE CONTROL OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN COLONIAL SOUTHERN AFRICA, 1890-1960
Mots-clés :
Border-crossing, livestock diseases, colonialism, racism, Southern Africa, scientific cooperationRésumé
This article explores the implications of border-making and border-crossing for the control of livestock diseases in colonial Southern Africa. Using archival documents and oral histories, it argues that the movement of livestock and wild animals across borders, which affected the epidemiology of livestock diseases and threatened the livestock industry, led to international scientific conferences and cooperation in disease control among countries such as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa. This scientific cooperation included efforts to control East Coast Fever, Trypanosomiasis, and Foot and Mouth Disease. Hence, this article shows how critical border-making and border-crossing processes were in shaping the historical trajectories of the various social spaces in Southern Africa. In addition, given the permeable colonial borders, livestock diseases unequivocally challenged the idea of the inside and the outside as two self-evident positions because the contestation of the borders through various cross-border movements contributed to inter-colonial scientific cooperation to control livestock diseases. What is often overlooked is that although veterinary policies were, in theory, supposed to be applied indiscriminately, Africans and their livestock, considered as diseased in European circles, bore the brunt of these policies. Hence, this article also examines how livestock policies emerging from these international conferences affected African villagers, whose livelihoods and cultures were rooted in livestock keeping. What worsened the situation was that, due to their paternalistic attitudes, colonial officials rarely explained their actions to Africans, actions that included mass slaughter of and restrictions on the movement of African-owned livestock.
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