N.º 28 (2024): LIBROSDELACORTE, PRIMAVERA-VERANO
MONOGRÁFICO

Henrietta Maria: Constructing and Reconstructing Early Modern Royal Motherhood and Confessional Identity

Amy Saunders
The University of Winchester
Publicado Agosto 2, 2024

Palavras-chave:

Henrietta Maria, Catholicism, Patronage, Motherhood, Heritage
Como Citar
Saunders, A. (2024). Henrietta Maria: Constructing and Reconstructing Early Modern Royal Motherhood and Confessional Identity. Librosdelacorte.Es, (28), 305–334. https://doi.org/10.15366/ldc2024.16.28.011

Resumo

This article examines representations of Henrietta Maria’s (1609-1669) Catholicism and motherhood in a variety of artistic mediums and analyses how these objects are now reinterpreted within heritage sites and museum spaces in England. Henrietta Maria’s patronage, agency, motherhood, pregnancy, and confessional and foreign identity are often omitted from these heritage reconstructions despite the centrality of these themes within the artworks themselves. Her confessional and foreign identity places her in a liminal position within heritage spaces, where she is situated in opposition to Protestant queen regnants and queen consorts who are represented as more admirable or ‘successful’, due to their politics, identities, and activities. Furthermore, this article suggests that the continuation of a Protestant monarchy in England into the twenty-first century has influenced these representations with Henrietta Maria’s narrative not aligning to retrospectively applied ideals of the later royal family.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Paintings, Prints, and Other Artworks

de Critz, John. Anne of Denmark. c.1606-1608, oil on canvas, 2016 x 1265 mm. National Portrait Gallery, NPG 6918. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw202589/Anne of Denmark?LinkID=mp00110&search=sas&sText=Anne+of+Denmark&role=sit&rNo=0. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Elstracke, Renold. King James I of England and VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. Early 17th century, engraving, 155 x 119 mm. National Portrait Gallery, NPG D256686. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw128078/King James I of England and VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark?LinkID=mp00110&search=sas&sText=Anne+of+Denmark&role=sit&rNo=8. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Gentileschi, Artemisia. Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting (La Pittura). c.1638-9, oil on canvas, 98.6 x 75.2 cm. Royal Collection Trust, RCIN 405551. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/1/collection/405551/self-portrait-as-the-allegory-of-painting-la-pittura. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Gentileschi, Orazio. The Finding of Moses. Early 1630s, oil on canvas, 257 x 301 cm. The National Gallery, NG6684. https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/orazio gentileschi the finding of moses#VideoPlayer95489. Accessed September 14, 2023.

L'ALIANCE DV ROY DE FRANCE AVEC MARIE DE MEDICIS PRINCESSE DE FLORENCE. 1600-10, engraving with hand-colouring, 34.5 x 24.0 cm. Royal Collection Trust, RCIN 616711. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/7/collection/616711/laliance-dv-roy-de-france-avec-marie-de-medicis-princesse-de-florence. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Maggi, Giovanni. Henri IV and Marie de Médicis. 1610, etching, 356 x 270 mm. British Museum, 1848,0911.618. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1848-0911-618. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Mytens, Daniel. Charles I and Henrietta Maria. c.1630-32, oil on canvas, 95.6 x 175.3 cm. Royal Collection Trust, RCIN 405789. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/5/collection/405789/charles-i-and-henrietta-maria. Accessed June 30, 2024.

Regnier, Pierre. Medal, Charles I and Henrietta Maria. 1625, silver, 23.5 mm (diameter). British Museum. M.7078. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_M-7078. Accessed September 11, 2023.

Wierix, Johannes. Marie de Médicis. 1600, engraving, 344 x 245 mm. British Museum, R,6.95. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_R 6 95. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Heritage and Museum Sources:

Foundling Museum. “Portraying Pregnancy: From Holbein to Social Media.” https://foundlingmuseum.org.uk/event/portraying pregnancy/. Accessed June 29, 2024.

Gardens and Castle in Krom??íž. “The Castle Gallery.” World Heritage Journeys Europe. https://visitworldheritage.com/en/eu/the-castle-gallery/09705886-0c4d-41c0-a286-e92b1aeaf87d. Accessed September 11, 2023.

Label Text. “Charles I.” Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Accessed July 26, 2021.

Label Text. Charles I. Queen’s House, Greenwich. Accessed July 19, 2021.

Label Text. Henrietta Maria, 1609-69. National Portrait Gallery, London. Accessed July 16, 2023.

Label Text. “Henrietta Maria.” Tudors to Windsors: British Royal Portraits. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Accessed July 26, 2021.

Label Text. Medals. National Gallery of Scotland: Portrait. Accessed November 2, 2022.

Label Text. Prince Charles, later King Charles II, 1630-85. National Portrait Gallery, London. Accessed July 16, 2023.

Label Text. Princess Elizabeth, later Queen of Bohemia, 1596-1662. National Portrait Gallery, London. Accessed July 16, 2023.

Museums Association. “Museums Change Lives Awards 2022.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkRK9g2nI9E. Accessed June 29, 2024.

Online Interpretation. “Charles I and Henrietta Maria.” Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/5/collection/405789/charles-i-and-henrietta-maria. Accessed September 14, 2023.

Online Interpretation. “Charles I, Henrietta Maria and Charles, Prince of Wales (later Charles II).” Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/2/collection/405541/charles-i-henrietta-maria-and-charles-prince-of-wales-later-charles-ii. Accessed September 18, 2023.

Online Interpretation. “La Representation du Mariage accorde entre les Tres-puissans Roys de France et Angleterret pour Charles Prince de Walles Duc de Cornw, avec Madame Henriette Maria.” Royal Collection Trust. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/5/collection/601886/la representation du mariage accorde-entre-les-tres-puissans-roys-de-france-et. Accessed September 14, 2023.

RA. “Charles I: King and Collector.” Royal Academy of Arts. https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/charles-i-king-and-collector. Accessed September 14, 2023.

RA Large Print, Charles I King and Collector Gallery. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2018.

Room Text. Prison. Carisbrooke Castle, Newport. Accessed 8 June 2021.

Royal Collection Trust. “Explore the Collection.” https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/#who. Accessed September 11, 2023.

—. “Explore the Exhibition.” https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/masterpieces from buckingham palace/the queens gallery buckingham/explore-the-exhibition. Accessed September 18, 2023.

—. “The Inventories.” https://lostcollection.rct.uk/charles-i/inventories. Accessed September 11, 2023.

—. “The Rooms.” https://lostcollection.rct.uk/rooms. Accessed September 11, 2023.

Whitworth. “Still Parents: Life after Baby Loss.” https://www.whitworth.manchester.ac.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/pastexhibitions/stillparents/. Accessed June 29, 2024.

Other Primary Sources:

Ellis, Henry. ed., Numerous Royal Letters: From Autographs in the British Museum, and one or two other collections. With notes and illustrations. Vol.III. London: Harding, Triphook, and Lerpard, 1824.

Films and Fictional Literature:

Greenwood, Edwin (Dir.). Henrietta Maria; or, the Queen of Sorrow. 1923.

March Chase, Ella. The Queen’s Dwarf. New York: St Martin’s Press, 2014.

Mountain, Fiona. Cavalier Queen. London: Arrow, 2012.

Wright, Joe (Dir.). Charles II: The Power & The Passion. BBC, 2003.

Secondary Sources:

Bacciolo, Andrea. “‘Piaccia a Sua Maestà che ogni giorno vengano maggiori creazioni di mandare regali a questa volta’: Paintings and Drawings from the Papal Curia of the Barberini.” Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uOiPWDqAw4&feature=emb_title/. Accessed October 24, 2020.

BBC News. “The Coronation of TM The King and Queen Camilla: The Preparation.” https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m001lsyv/the coronation of tm the-king-and-queen-camilla-the-preparation. Accessed May 6, 2023.

Bone, Quentin. Henrietta Maria, Queen of the Cavaliers. London: Peter Owen Limited, 1973.

Brockell, Gillan. “Charles III is the third King Charles. The first two had a pretty hard time.” The Washington Post. September 9, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2022/09/09/king-charles-i-ii-iii-queen-elizabeth/.

Coast, David. “Secrecy, Counsel and Public Opinion during the Spanish and French Matches.” In Stuart Marriage Diplomacy: Dynastic Politics in their European Context, 1604-1630 ed. Valentine Caldari and Sara J. Wolfson, 182-202. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2018.

Croft, Pauline, and Karen Hearn. “‘Only matrimony maketh children to be certain…’ Two Elizabethan pregnancy portraits.” The British Art Journal vol.3, No. 3 (Autumn 2002), 19-24.

Dolan, Frances E. Whores of Babylon: Catholicism, Gender and Seventeenth-century Print Culture. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.

Field, Jemma. Anna of Denmark: The material and visual culture of the Stuart Courts, 1589-1619. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020.

French, Rebecca. “It’s time we end the taboo and make women’s health a priority.” London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/expert-opinion/its-high-time-we-end-taboo-and-make-womens-health-priority#:~:text=Unfortunately%2C%20many%20areas%20of%20reproductive,they%20have%20sought%20professional%20help. Accessed June 29, 2024.

Garrard, Mary D. Artemisia Gentileschi and Feminism in Early Modern Europe. London: Reaktion Books, 2020.

Griffey, Erin. “Blooming Fertility: Henrietta Maria and the Power of Plants as Iconography and Physic.” In Floral Culture and the Tudor and Stuart Courts, ed. Susannah Lyon-Whaley, 153-176. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2024.

—. (ed.) Henrietta Maria. Piety, politics and patronage. Aldershot/Burlington: Ashgate, 2008.

—. “‘Her Majesty’s pictures’: Henrietta Maria’s taste, patronage and display of pictures at the Stuart Court.” Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D88QSV5sqGA&feature=emb_title. Accessed October 24, 2020.

—. “Home Comforts: Stuart Queens Consort and Negotiating Foreignness at Court.” In Rank Matters: New Research on Female Rulers in the Early Modern Era from an International Perspective, ed. C. Strunck and L. Maier, 121-148. Erlangen: FAU University Press, 2022.

—. On Display: Henrietta Maria and the Materials of Magnificence at the Stuart Court. London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.

—. “Van Dyck paintings in Stuart royal inventories, 1639–1688.” Journal of the History of Collections vol. 30 no. 1 (2018), 49-63.

Harris, Carolyn. Queenship and Revolution in Early Modern Europe: Henrietta Maria and Marie Antoinette. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

Hearn, Karen. Portraying Pregnancy from Holbein to Social Media. London: Paul Holberton Publishing and The Foundling Museum, 2020.

Hibbard, Caroline. “Henrietta Maria.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/12947. Accessed 30 June, 2024.

—. “Translating Royalty: Henrietta Maria and the Transition from Princess to Queen.” The Court Historian, vol. 5, issue 1, (2000), 15-28.

Hunneyball, Paul M. “James I and the duke of Buckingham: love, power and betrayal.” The History of Parliament. https://thehistoryofparliament.wordpress.com/2019/02/21/james i and the duke of buckingham love power and betrayal/.

Accessed September 14, 2023.

Izat, Adelaide, Niko Munz, and Letizia Treves. “A Royal Rediscovery: Artemisia Gentileschi’s Susanna and the Elders painted for Henrietta Maria.” London Art Week. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MzlG8Rguc0. Accessed June 30, 2024.

de Lisle, Leanda. Henrietta Maria: Conspirator, Warrior, Phoenix Queen. London: Chatto & Windus, 2022.

Macaulay Trevelyan, George. A History of England, England Under the Stuarts. London: The Folio Society, 1996.

Oman, Carola. Henrietta Maria. London: Hooder and Stoughton Limited, 1936.

Paranque, Estelle ed. Remembering Queens and Kings of Early Modern England and France, Reputation, Reinterpretation, and Reincarnation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

Poynting, Sarah. “‘In the Name of all the Sisters:’ Henrietta Maria’s Notorious Whores.” In Women and Culture at the Courts of the Stuart Queens, ed. Clare McManus, 163-185. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

“Resources for the Platinum Jubilee.” https://www.royal.uk/resources platinum jubilee. Accessed June 29, 2024.

Said, Edward W. Orientalism. London: Penguin Random House, 2019.

Serres, Karen. “Henrietta Maria, Charles I and the Italian Baroque.” In Charles I: King and Collector, ed. Desmond Shawe-Taylor and Per Rumberg, 171-188. London: Royal Academy of the Arts, 2018.

Sharpe, Kevin. The Personal Rule of Charles I. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992.

Smuts, R. Malcom. “The Puritan Followers of Henrietta Maria in the 1630s.” The English Historical Review, vol. 93, no. 366 (1978), 26-45.

—. “The French match and court politics.” In Stuart Marriage Diplomacy: Dynastic Politics in their European Context, 1604–1630, ed. Valentina Caldari and Sarah Wolfson, 123-28. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2018.

Staszak, Jean-François. “Other/Otherness.” In International Encyclopaedia of Human Geography. Elsevier, 2008. https://www.unige.ch/sciences societe/geo/files/3214/4464/7634/OtherOtherness.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2022.

Strong, Johanna C. E. The Making of a Queen: The Effect of Religion, National Identity, and Gender on Mary I’s Legacy in the English Historical Narrative. Doctoral Thesis, University of Winchester, 2022.

Whitaker, Katie. A Royal Passion: The Turbulent Marriage of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2010.

White, Michelle Anne. Henrietta Maria and the English Civil Wars. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2006.

Wolfson, Sara J. “The Female Bedchamber of Queen Henrietta Maria: Politics, Familial Networks and Policy, 1626-40.” In The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-waiting across Early Modern Europe, ed. Nadine Akkerman and Birgit Houben, 311-341. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

Woodacre, Elena and Carey Fleiner ed. Royal Mothers and Their Ruling Children. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian, 2015.

Zevallos, Zuleyka. “What is Otherness?” The Other Sociologist. https://othersociologist.com/otherness-resources/. Accessed September 23, 2022.