Aproximación al método de enseñanza en la escuela de dibujo de Pamplona: la "Cartilla" de Miguel Sanz y Benito

Abstract

In the beginning of the Public School of Drawing of Pamplona, created in 1828, the method of teaching the Arts is materialised in a manuscript composed by the first director of the institution, the painter Miguel Sanz y Benito, in the way of "primer" to teach his pupils in the good knowledge of drawing and painting. The manuscript is organised in a systematic way, with an initial part dedicated to the origin, importance, explanation and classification of the drawing. This part is followed by a study of the human figure structured in four sections: osteology, miology, proportions and symmetry and, finally, the explanation of the foreshortened figure. The director of the School continues with the proposition of several models of study taken from the Greco-Latin antiquity, to finish with a simple description of man and of the different times of life, and a dialogue between Nature and two fines Arts: painting and sculpture. Sanz also introduces trough the text some considerations; with them he tries to establish the clear difference between fine arts and mechanical jobs. The sources consulted by the author to elaborate the manuscript are very diverse: Vitruvio, Alberti, Arfe, Carducho, Francisco Pacheco, José García Hidalgo, Antonio Rafael Mengs or the poet and painter Juan de Jáuregui; but over the others stands out the Museo Pictórico y Escala Óptica of Antonio Palomino.