Núm. 37 (2018)
Artículos

Syriza, m5s y podemos: los tres campeones del votante enfadado en el sur de europa

Publicado octubre 29, 2018

Palabras clave:

crisis económica, Partidos “antiélite”, euroescepticismo, populismo, partidos de izquierda
Cómo citar
Cordero, G. (2018). Syriza, m5s y podemos: los tres campeones del votante enfadado en el sur de europa. Revista Jurídica Universidad Autónoma De Madrid, (37), 105–131. https://doi.org/10.15366/rjuam2018.37.002

Resumen

El artículo examina el perfil de las bases electorales de los tres ejemplos más exitosos de partidos “antiélite” de izquierda en el Sur de Europa: la Coalición de Izquierda Radical (SYRIZA) en Grecia, el Movimiento Cinco Estrellas (M5S) en Italia y Podemos en España. Estos partidos tienen en común la implementación de un discurso populista no de derechas con conexiones en los movimientos de protesta de cada uno de sus países. Utilizando datos de la European Elections Study 2014, nuestro análisis revela que a pesar del hecho de que estos votantes se han descrito como “eurocríticos” y “desideologizados”, nuestro principal hallazgo es que su apoyo electoral descansa principalmente en la ideología y en la desconfianza y falta de apoyo a las élites nacionales.

 

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

ANDREADIS, I., POLETTI, M., TEPEROGLOU, E. & VEZZONI, C., ‘Economic crisis and attitudes towards the European Union: are Italians and Greeks becoming Eurosceptic because of the crisis?’, paper presented at the 64th Annual International Conference of the Political Science Association, Manchester, 14-16 April, 2014.

ANDUIZA, E., BOSCH, A., ORRIOLS, L., & RICO, G., Elecciones generales 2011, Madrid (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas), 2014.

ARMINGEON, K. & GUTHMANN, K., ‘Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007–2011’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, no. 3, 2013, pp. 423-442.

BARTELS, L.M., ‘Ideology and retrospection in electoral responses to the great recession’, in BERMEO, N. & BARTELS, L.M. (eds.), Mass Politics in Tough Times, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2014, pp. 185-223.

BÉLANGER, E., ‘Antipartyism and third-party vote choice: a comparison of Canada, Britain and Australia’, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 37, no. 9, 2004, pp. 1054-1078.

BELLUCCI, P., ‘The political consequences of blame attribution for the economic crisis in the 2013 Italian national election’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, vol. 24, no. 2, 2014, pp. 243-63.

BELLUCCI, P., COSTA LOBO, M., & LEWIS-BECK, M.S., ‘Economic crisis and elections: the European periphery’, Electoral Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, 2012, pp. 469-71.

BERMEO, N. & BARTELS, L.M. (eds.), Mass Politics in Tough Times, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2014.

BORDIGNON, F. & CECCARINI, L., ‘Five Stars and a Cricket. Beppe Grillo Shakes Italian Politics’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 18, no. 4, 2013, pp. 427-449.

BORRECA, R., ‘Political crisis in Greece and Italy: a comparative analysis of SYRIZA and 5 Stars Movement’, paper presented at the 2014 Conference of the Political Studies Association, Manchester, 14-16 April, 2014.

CALVO, K., MARTÍNEZ, A. & MONTERO, J.R., ‘Devotos y votantes: el peso del voto religioso en las elecciones generales’, in MONTERO, J.R. & LAGO, I. (eds.), Elecciones Generales 2008, Madrid (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas), 2011.

CEKA, B. & MAGALHAES, P.C. ‘The meaning of democracy and its determinants’, 2015, in KRIESI, H. (ed.), How Europeans View and Evaluate Democracy (forthcoming).

CHECHERITA-WESTPHAL, C. & ROTHER, P., ‘The impact of high government debt on economic growth and its channels: an empirical investigation for the Euro area’, European Economic Review, vol. 56, no. 7, 2012, pp. 1392–1405, doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.06.007.

CHIARAMONTE, A. & EMANUELE, V., ‘Volatile e tripolare: il nuovo sistema politico Italiano’, in DE SIO, L., CATALDI, M. & DE LUCIA, F. (eds.), Le Elezioni Politiche 2013, Rome (Luiss University Press), 2013, pp. 95–100.

CORDERO, G. & MONTERO, J.R., ‘Against bipartyism, towards dealignment? The 2014 European elections in Spain’, South European Society and Politics, Special issue on the 2014 European Parliament Elections in Southern Europe (guest editors: H. Schmitt & E. Teperoglou), 2015, doi: 10.1080/13608746.2015.1053679.

CORDERO, G. & SIMÓN, P., ‘Economic crisis and support for democracy in Europe’, West European politics, 2015, published online, doi: 10.1080/01402382.2015.1075767.

DANIEL, J.M., ‘Eurozone: light at the end of the tunnel?’, in CHOPIN, T. & FOUCHER, M. (eds.), Schuman Report on Europe, Paris (Springer), 2013, pp. 53–56.

DENEMARK, D. & BOWLER, S., ‘Minor parties and protest voters in Australia and New Zealand: locating populist politics’, Electoral Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 2002, pp. 47-67.

DOWNS, A., An Economic Theory of Democracy, New York (Harper), 1957.

FELLA, S. & RUZZA, C., ‘Populism and the fall of the centre-right in Italy: the end of the Berlusconi model or a new beginning?’, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 2013, pp. 38–52.

FERNÁNDEZ-ALBERTOS, J., Los votantes de Podemos. Del partidos de los indignados al partido de los excluidos, Madrid (Catarata), 2015.

FISHMAN, R. M., ‘Anomalies of Spain’s economy and economic policy-making’, Contributions to Political Economy, vol. 31, no.1, 2012, pp. 67–76, doi:10.1093/cpe/bzs009.

FOMINAYA, C.L. & COX, L., Understanding European Movements: New Social Movements, Global Justice Struggles, Anti-Austerity Protest, London (Routledge), 2013.

FORD, R. & GOODWIN, M., Revolt on the Right: Explaining Support for the Radical Right in Britain, Abingdon (Routledge), 2014.

FRAILE, M. & LEWIS-BECK, M.S., ‘Economic vote instability: endogeneity or restricted variance? Spanish panel evidence from 2008 and 2011’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, no. 1, 2014, pp. 160-179.

FRAILE, M. & LEWIS-BECK M.S., ‘Economic voting in Spain: a 2000 panel test’, Electoral Studies, vol. 29, no. 2, 2010, pp. 210-220.

FREIRE, A. & LOBO, M.C., ‘Economics, ideology and vote: Southern Europe, 1985-2000’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 44, no. 4, 2005, pp.493-518.

GABEL, M. & HIX S., ‘Defining the EU political space: an empirical study of the European elections manifestos, 1979-1999’, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, no. 8, 2002, pp. 934-964.

HERNÁNDEZ, E. & KRIESI H., ‘The electoral consequences of the financial and economic crisis in Europe’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 55, no 2, 2015, 203-224.

HOBOLT, S. & TILLEY, J., Blaming Europe? Responsibility Without Accountability in the European Union, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2014.

HÜBSCHER, E., KEMMERLING, A. & SATTLER, T. (2014) ‘How does fiscal austerity affect political support for the government?’ (unpublished manuscript), 2014. Available at: http://www.nuffield.ox.ac.uk/Lists/Events/Attachments/448/HKS_Paper.pdf [Last access: 3 June 2015].

KARAMIHAS, J., ‘Square Politics, Key characteristics of the indignant mobilizations in Greece’, paper presented at the 62nd PSA Annual International Conference, Belfast 3-5 April, 2012.

KARYOTIS, G. & RÜDIG, W., ‘Blame and punishment? The electoral politics of extreme austerity in Greece’, Political Studies, vol. 63, no. 1, 2013, pp. 2-24.

KINDER, D. R. & KIEWIET, D.R., ‘Sociotropic politics: the American case’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 11, no. 2, 1981, pp. 129-161.

KRIESI, H., ‘The political consequences of the economic crisis in Europe’, in BERMEO, N. & BARTELS, L.M. (eds.), Mass Politics in Tough Times, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2014.

LEWIS-BECK, M. & STEGMAIER, M. (2007) ‘Economic models of voting’, in DALTON, R. & KLINGEMANN, H.-D. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behaviour, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2007, pp. 518-537.

LEWIS-BECK, M.S. & STEGMAIER, M., ‘Economic determinants of electoral outcome’, Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 3, no. 1, 2000, pp. 183-219

LINDVALL, J., ‘The electoral consequences of two great crisis’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, no. 4, 2014, pp. 747-765.

MCDONNELL, D. & VALBRUZZI, M., ‘Defining and classifying technocrat-Led and technocratic governments’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, no. 4, 2014, pp. 654–71, doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12054.

MINK, M., & DE HAAN, J., ‘Contagion during the Greek sovereign debt crisis’, Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 34, 2013, pp. 102–113.

MORGAN, J., Bankrupt Representation and Party System Collapse, Pennsylvania (The Pennsylvania State University Press), 2011.

ORRIOLS, L. & CORDERO, G., ‘The Breakdown of the Spanish Two-party System: The Upsurge of Podemos and Ciudadanos in the 2015 General Elections’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 21, no. 4, 2017, pp. 469-492.

ORRIOLS, L. & RICO, G., ‘El Clima de Opinión’, in ANDUIZA, E., BOSCH, A., ORRIOLS, L. & RICO, G. (eds.), Elecciones Generales 2011, Madrid (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas), 2014.

PAVIA, J.M., BODOQUE, A. & MARTÍN, J., ‘Podemos, a hurricane in the Spanish crisis of trust. Analysis and characterization’, paper presented at the Citizens, Parties and Political Action: Political Participation and General Election 2015, University of Nottingham, 4 February, 2014.

PHARR, S. J. & PUTNAM, R. D., Disaffected democracies: what’s troubling the trilateral countries?, Princeton (Princeton University Press), 2000.

POLAVIEJA, J. G., ‘Economic crisis, political legitimacy and social cohesion’, in GALLIE, D. (ed.), Economic Crisis, Quality of Work and Social Integration: The European Experience, Oxford (Oxford University Press), 2013, pp. 256-278.

RYAN, C., ‘The Euro crisis and crisis management: big lessons from a small island’, International Economics and Economic Policy, vol. 8, no.1, 2011, pp. 31–43, doi:10.1007/s10368-011-0189-9.

SCHMITT, H., HOBOLT, S., POPA, S. & TEPEROGLOU, E., European Parliament Election Study 2014, Voter Study, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne, 2015. ZA5160 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.5160.

STAVRAKAKIS, Y. & KATSAMBEKIS, G., ‘Left-wing populism in the European periphery: the case of SYRIZA’, Journal of Political Ideologies, 2014, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 119-142.

TARCHI, M., L'Italia Populista, Bologna (Il Mulino), 2003.

TEPEROGLOU, E. & TSATSANIS, E., ‘Dealignment, de-legitimation and the implosion of the two-party system in Greece: The Earthquake Election of 6 May 2012’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, vol. 24, no. 2, 2014, pp. 222-242.

TEPEROGLOU, E., TSATSANIS, E. & NICOLACOPOULOS, EL., ‘Habituating to the new normal in a post-earthquake party system: the 2014 European election in Greece’, South European Society and Politics, 2015, Special issue on the 2014 European Parliament Elections in Southern Europe (guest editors: H. Schmitt & E. Teperoglou), doi:10.1080/13608746.2015.1068377.

TORCAL, M., ‘The decline of political trust in Spain and Portugal. Economic performance or political responsiveness’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 58, no. 12, 2014, pp. 1542-1567.

TORCAL, M. & MUÑOZ, J., ‘Actitudes hacia la Unión Europea y elecciones al Parlamento Europeo’, in TORCAL, M. & FONT, J. (eds.), Elecciones europeas 2009, Madrid (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas), 2012.

TORCAL, M. & MONTERO, J.R., Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies: Social Capital, Institutions and Politics, Abringdon (Routledge), 2006.

TORREBLANCA, J.I., Asaltar los Cielos. Podemos o la Política de después de la Crisis, Madrid (Debate), 2015.

TREIB, O., ‘The voter says no, but nobody listens: causes and consequences of the eurosceptic vote in the 2014 European elections’, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 21, no. 10, 2014, pp. 1541-1554.

TSAKATIKA, M., & ELEFTHERIOU, C., ‘The radical left's turn towards civil society in Greece: one strategy, two paths’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 18, no. 1, 2013, pp. 81-99.

TZENG, K.Y. & TAY, C., ‘Transmission of the US subprime mortgage and the European sovereign debt crisis to emerging markets’, Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, vol. 4, no. 3, 2014, pp. 217-235.

VEGETTI, F., POLETTI, M. & SEGATTI, P., ‘When responsibility is blurred: Italian national elections in times of economic crisis, technocratic government, and ever-growing populism’, Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, vol. 43, no. 3, 2013, pp. 329-352.

VERNEY, S., ‘Waking the ‘sleeping giant’ or expressing domestic dissent? mainstreaming euroscepticism in crisis-stricken Greece’, International Political Science Review, vol. 36, no. 1, 2015, pp. 279-295.

VERNEY, S. & BOSCO, A., ‘Living parallel lives: Italy and Greece in an age of austerity’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 18, no. 4, 2013, pp. 397-426.

VOULGARIS, Y. & NIKOLAKOPOULOS, I. (eds.) 2012 Ο Διπλός Εκλογικός Σεισμός [2012 The Double Earthquake Elections], Athens (Themelio), 2014.

VAN DER EIJK, C., VAN DER BRUG, W., KROH, M., & FRANKLIN, M., ‘Rethinking the dependent variable in voting behaviour: On the measurement and analysis of electoral utilities’, Electoral Studies, vol. 25, no. 3, 2006, pp. 424-447.

VAN DER EIJK, C. & FRANKLIN, M. (eds.) (1996) Choosing Europe? The European Electorate And National Politics In The Face Of Union, Ann Arbor (University of Michigan Press), 1996.

WATERS, S., ‘Tangentopoli’ and the emergence of a new political order in Italy’, West European Politics, vol. 17, no. 1, 1994, pp. 169-182.