Resumen
ABSTRACT
Over the last years, an increasing number of studies and reports showing dissatisfaction with the quality of teacher training programmes have appeared. Now more than ever it is necessary to ask ourselves on the importance of the improvement of the initial training of teachers, so that they can have a real performance in classrooms. For this reason, the authors propose an analysis and reflection about a series of initiatives identified in the literature around the world. The reforms and innovations presented have been classified into five categories of analysis that refer to: the establishment of standards in training institutions, the use of evidence and research on teaching practices, the alternative qualifications, the articulation with educational centers and the external assessment. These categories are illustrated with the cases of the USA and Australia, as well as those of England, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden. We base ourselves on the supposition that certain national proposals offer inspiring ideas to reconsider the teacher training programmes in supranational scenarios and other educational realities.
Key words: teacher education, training institutions, initial training, teaching innovation.
RESUMEN
En los últimos años, un creciente número de estudios e informes muestran una cierta insatisfacción con la calidad de los programas de formación docente actual. Ahora más que nunca, es necesario que nos preguntemos sobre la importancia de la mejora de la formación inicial del profesorado, para que puedan tener un rendimiento real en las aulas. Por esta razón, en este artículo se propone un análisis y reflexión sobre un conjunto de iniciativas identificadas en la literatura de todo el mundo. Las reformas e innovaciones que se presentan han sido clasificados en cinco categorías de análisis que se refieren a: el establecimiento de normas en las instituciones de formación, el uso de la evidencia y la investigación sobre las prácticas de enseñanza, las cualificaciones alternativas, la articulación con los centros educativos y la evaluación externa. Estas categorías se ilustran con los casos de los Estados Unidos y Australia, así como de Inglaterra, Países Bajos, Finlandia y Suecia. Partimos de la convicción de que ciertas propuestas nacionales ofrecen ideas inspiradoras para reconsiderar los programas de formación de docentes en los escenarios supranacionales y otras realidades educativas, lo que corresponde con la conclusión principal del estudio.
Palabras clave: formación del profesorado, instituciones formadoras, formación inicial, innovaciones en la enseñanza.
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